Phthalates contamination in China: Status, trends and human exposure-with an emphasis on oral intake

Wang, Wei; Leung, Anna Oi Wah; Chu, Lam Hang; Wong, Ming Hung

doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2018.02.088

Cited by 129 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 112 publications

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“…As regards phthalate daily intake, China’s adult population seems to be the most exposed [ 33 ], with peaks of 60 μg/kg bw/day of DEHP in some coastal areas [ 34 ], a value three times higher than the TDI of 50 μg/kg bw/day established by EFSA and the reference dose suggested by the US EPA of 20 μg/kg bw/day. Lower intake levels, within the safety ranges, were estimated for other regions of China and for other countries [ 35 , 36 , 37 , 38 , 39 ].…”

Section: Exposure To Bpa and Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…BPA was detected in the majority of IVF women and its urinary concentrations (ranging from <0.4 to 25.5 mg/L) were inversely associated with number of retrieved oocytes per cycle and peak levels of serum estradiol [ 49 ]. Moreover, a recent study on 700 Chinese couples attempting pregnancy revealed that women with the highest urinary BPA concentration (>2.33 ng/mL) had a 30% reduction in fecundability and a 64% increase in the odds of infertility [ 33 ].…”

Section: Edcs and Reproductive Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fetal–Maternal Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: Correlation with Diet Intake and Pregnancy Outcomes

et al. 2020

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Endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs) are exogenous substances able to mimic or to interfere with the endocrine system, thus altering key biological processes such as organ development, reproduction, immunity, metabolism and behavior. High concentrations of EDCs are found in several everyday products including plastic bottles and food containers and they could be easily absorbed by dietary intake. In recent years, considerable interest has been raised regarding the biological effects of EDCs, particularly Bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates, on human pregnancy and fetal development. Several evidence obtained on in vitro and animal models as well as by epidemiologic and population studies strongly indicated that endocrine disruptors could negatively impact fetal and placental health by interfering with the embryonic developing epigenome, thus establishing disease paths into adulthood. Moreover, EDCs could cause and/or contribute to the onset of severe gestational conditions as Preeclampsia (PE), Fetal Growth Restriction (FGR) and gestational diabetes in pregnancy, as well as obesity, diabetes and cardiovascular complications in reproductive age. Therefore, despite contrasting data being present in the literature, endocrine disruptors must be considered as a therapeutic target. Future actions aimed at reducing or eliminating EDC exposure during the perinatal period are mandatory to guarantee pregnancy success and preserve fetal and adult health.

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Section: Exposure To Bpa and Phthalatesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Edcs and Reproductive Healthmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fetal–Maternal Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: Correlation with Diet Intake and Pregnancy Outcomes

et al. 2020

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“…Low molecular weight dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is one of the most common and extensively used PAEs that has been frequently reported in various environmental samples, including marine water, freshwater, sediment, soil, fatty foods and cosmetics, and the concentrations of DMP in landfill leachate has reached 300 mg/L [4,5]. The frequency of DMP contamination has been detected to be 37% in common food samples from a market in Albany, New York, and significantly higher in China [6,7]. Due to its wide…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Impact on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Related Gene Expression Following Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposure to Dimethyl Phthalate

Cong

Liu

Wang

et al. 2020

Animals

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Dimethyl phthalate (DMP) is a widespread environmental contaminant that poses potential toxicity risks for animals and humans. However, the toxicological effects of DMP on fish have not been adequately examined. In this study, the acute toxicity, oxidative damage, antioxidant enzyme activities, and relative gene expression patterns were investigated in the liver of adult zebrafish (Danio rerio) exposed to DMP. We found that the lethal concentration (LC50) of DMP for zebrafish after 96 h of exposure was 45.8 mg/L. The zebrafish that were exposed to low, medium and high concentrations of DMP (0.5, 4.6, and 22.9 mg/L, respectively) for 96 h had an increased malondialdehyde (MDA) content and a lower antioxidant capacity compared with the control solvent group. The total superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity was significantly higher than 0 h after initial exposure for 24 h at low concentrations, and then decreased at high concentrations after exposure for 96 h. The catalase (CAT) and glutathione S-transferase (GST) activities were significantly reduced after 96 h of exposure to high concentrations of DMP, with the up- or down-regulation of the related transcriptional expression. These findings indicated that DMP could cause physiological effects in zebrafish by disturbing the expression levels of antioxidant enzymes. These results might contribute to the identification of biomarkers to monitor phthalate pollution.

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“…As they are not chemically bound to polymer matrices, PAEs are easily leached into the environment during production processes, use or after disposal. Therefore, PAEs are ubiquitously detected in many environmental media, including air, surface water, sediments, soils and aquatic samples worldwide (Lee et al, 2019; Peijnenburg & Struijs, 2006; Wang, Leung, Chu, & Wong, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic exposure to di‐n‐butyl phthalate causes reproductive toxicity in zebrafish

Jiang

Tang

et al. 2020

J of Applied Toxicology

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Di‐n‐butyl phthalate (DBP) is known to have adverse effects on reproduction in mammals and is pervasive in the aquatic environment. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether long‐term exposure to low concentrations of DBP can affect fish reproduction. In this study, zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos (F0) were exposed to low concentrations (4.9, 13.6 and 43.8 μg/L) of DBP from 2 hours post‐fertilization until sexual maturation. The results demonstrate that chronic exposure to DBP (43.8 μg/L) impaired the reproductive function of zebrafish, as verified by reduced egg production and modifications to gonadal histology of the treated fish. Plasma 17β‐estradiol levels in female zebrafish decreased significantly in a concentration‐dependent manner, while testosterone levels in males increased significantly when fish were exposed to 43.8 μg/L DBP. Real‐time polymerase chain reaction was performed to examine selected genes in the hypothalamic‐pituitary‐gonadal (HPG) axis and liver. Hepatic vitellogenin gene transcription was downregulated in both males and females, suggesting that DBP possesses anti‐estrogenic activity. The disturbed steroid hormones were accompanied by the significant alterations in gene expression along the HPG axis. Additionally, parental exposure to DBP caused reduced hatching and survival rate as well as decreased growth in the F1 generation. Taken together, these results demonstrate that long‐term exposure to low concentrations of DBP in zebrafish could cause reproductive toxicity, implying that DBP could have significant adverse effects on fish populations, particularly in a highly DBP‐contaminated aquatic environment.

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Phthalates contamination in China: Status, trends and human exposure-with an emphasis on oral intake

Cited by 129 publications

References 112 publications

Fetal–Maternal Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: Correlation with Diet Intake and Pregnancy Outcomes

Fetal–Maternal Exposure to Endocrine Disruptors: Correlation with Diet Intake and Pregnancy Outcomes

The Impact on Antioxidant Enzyme Activity and Related Gene Expression Following Adult Zebrafish (Danio rerio) Exposure to Dimethyl Phthalate

Chronic exposure to di‐n‐butyl phthalate causes reproductive toxicity in zebrafish

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