Phthalates - a strange delusion of ecologists

Semenov, A.A.; Enikeev, A. G.; Babenko, T.A.; Shafikova, T. N.; Горшков, А. Г.

doi:10.25750/1995-4301-2021-1-016-021

Cited by 8 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Although some macroalgae, such as Ulva sp., Sargassum sp., Gracialaria sp., or Pterocladia sp., have the remarkable capacity to adsorb lipophilic pollutants [13,30] and endocrine active substances [15], including phthalates [8,48], and can potentially be used for bioremediation approaches, studies have shown that micro-and macroalgae produce phthalates via biosynthetic pathways [33,34,44] probably through the shikimic acid pathway [3,49].…”

Section: Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some authors attribute the greatest contribution of present phthalates in the environment to the plant world. It has been estimated that the production of phthalates of natural origin, excluding the unquantifiable contribution of bacteria, fungi, and algae, is about 36 times greater than the annual world production of 4.9 million tons (according to 2019 data) [49]. Therefore, considering the current restrictions on the use of phthalates and the estimates mentioned above, it can be concluded that the percentage of PAEs from natural sources is higher than that from industrial production sources, which are therefore insignificant in comparison.…”

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The Origin of Phthalates in Algae: Biosynthesis and Environmental Bioaccumulation

Pace,

Vaglica,

Maccotta

et al. 2024

Environments

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Phthalic acid esters (PAEs) are a class of ubiquitous and dangerous lipophilic chemicals widely used as additives in various products to improve their physical and chemical properties. Although they have been banned in many countries, their persistence in all environmental compartments is of particular concern. The aquatic environment is especially affected by these compounds because it is strongly influenced both by contamination of anthropic origin and natural contaminants including those produced biosynthetically by some organisms such as algae. In this context, algal organisms can be a source and remedy for phthalate pollution. Both the increase and decrease in uptake and production depend on the physicochemical characteristics of the environment. The dynamics of the natural processes are aimed at achieving an optimal environmental state for their competitiveness and balance of the cellular homeostasis. This review summarizes the studies dealing with biosynthesis and bioaccumulation of phthalates in algae and investigates the source of their origin by suggesting strategies to identify the process leading to their presence.

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Section: Biosynthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Future Directionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Origin of Phthalates in Algae: Biosynthesis and Environmental Bioaccumulation

Pace,

Vaglica,

Maccotta

et al. 2024

Environments

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“…Таким образом, были получены прямые доказательства принципиальной возможности биосинтеза фталатов. Сравнительный анализ содержания фталатов в клетках растительной биоты показывает, что их количество значительно превышает суммарное производство фталатов мировой химической промышленностью [31], и это означает, что значительная часть обнаруживаемых соединений, скорее всего, имеет естественное происхождение.…”

Section: эндогенные фталатыunclassified

“…Известны случаи, когда полученные на крысах сведения о крайне негативном влиянии фталатов не подтверждаются на мышах и приматах и не совпадают с эпидемиологическими данными [83]. Следует также учитывать, что синтетические и природные фталаты имеют существенные стереохимические различия, что может иметь функциональное значение [31]. Поскольку экспериментальные исследования проводились с использованием синтетических соединений, известные негативные последствия могут быть отнесены только к ним.…”

Section: биологическое действие эндогенных фталатовunclassified

Endogenous phthalates as a prospective regulator of interspecific relations in a biocoenosis

Maksimova

Shafikova

2022

Izvestiâ vuzov. Prikladnaâ himiâ i biotehnologiâ

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It is widely believed that phthalates are xenobiotic pollutants whose prevalence in the environment is associated with their facilitated diffusion from plastic materials. Studies into the effect of synthetic phthalates on living organisms revealed their extremely negative action on the metabolism of animals and humans. The acting mechanism of these compounds is realised through a ligand-receptor pathway. Along with dioxins, polychlorinated biphenyls and similar compounds, phthalates are classified as endocrine disrupters. However, at present, sufficient evidence has been accumulated confirming the natural origin of phthalates. Thus, phthalates were de novo biosynthesised from labelled precursors in an algae culture. These compounds were detected in closed experimental systems, including cell cultures of highest plants, as well as those isolated from a number of bacterial, fungi, lowest and highest plant forms located far from the sources of technogenic pollution. The concept of phthalate biogenesis assumes the action of these compounds on living systems. Phthalates exhibit bactericidal and fungicidal action and compose allelopathic exudates, suppressing the growth of competing plant forms. Phthalates possess insecticidal and repellent properties. An analogy can be traced between the action of phthalates and endocrine disrupters of another chemical category, namely phytoestrogens, which regulate herbivorous mammal populations. A hypothesis is proposed about the biological role of endogenous plant phthalates representing secondary metabolic compounds. Exhibiting predominantly a shielding function, these compounds participate in the network of interactions between plants, animals, fungi and microorganisms. It should be noted that synthetic and endogenous phthalates are characterised by essential stereochemical differences, which can explain their different action on living organisms.

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“…Phthalates have endocrine-disrupting properties (Lyche et al, 2009) and higher concentrations can cause cancer, fetal death, injuries to the liver and kidney, deformities in the body, and reproductive damage in animals (Kay et al, 2014;Posnack, 2014;Kumari et al, 2020a). Furthermore, the United States Environmental Protection Agency (USEPA) has declared butyl benzyl phthalate (BBP), di-ethyl phthalate (DEP), dibutyl phthalate (DBP), di-(2ethlyexyl) phthalate (DEHP), di-n-octyl phthalate and dimethyl phthalate (DMP) as priority pollutants out of 25 phthalate esters available in the market (Semenov et al, 2021;Wang et al, 2021). Among the various aquatic ecosystems, ponds are neglected.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Seasonal fluctuations in phthalates’ contamination in pond water: A case study

Rajput

Kumari

Sharma

et al. 2023

EJSS

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Phthalates are endocrine disruptors, reported to cause deformities and reproductive damages in animals. Numerous studies reported the presence of phthalates in water samples of rivers, wetlands, and estuaries, while the scenario in case of ponds is different, however they are reported as an integral part of biosphere. In this study, the level of phthalates’ contamination in the water samples collected from the different ponds of Amritsar district for four consecutive seasons in two years was analysed. The maximal level of phthalate contamination was found in samples collected during the monsoon season (July 2015) of first year of sampling followed by post-monsoon (October 2015) and winter season (January 2016). S8 sampling site was found to be the most phthalate contaminated site followed by S1=S11>S2=S9=S4=S5=S7>S6=S3>S10. Benzyl butyl phthalate was most abundant (found in 32% water samples) followed by di-n-butyl and dimethyl phthalate, while diallyl phthalate and diethyl phthalate were not detected. The two main drivers for these seasonal variations were observed to be temperature and precipitation. Hence, this data will be useful to explain the temporal and spatial distributions of phthalates in aquatic ecosystem, as well as to devise cost-effective ways to reduce their ecological footprints.

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Phthalates - a strange delusion of ecologists

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

The Origin of Phthalates in Algae: Biosynthesis and Environmental Bioaccumulation

The Origin of Phthalates in Algae: Biosynthesis and Environmental Bioaccumulation

Endogenous phthalates as a prospective regulator of interspecific relations in a biocoenosis

Seasonal fluctuations in phthalates’ contamination in pond water: A case study

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