Phthalate exposure during pregnancy and long-term weight gain in women

Abstract

Background: Phthalates are known endocrine disruptors and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) activators, potentially capable of promoting an obesogenic effect. Pregnant women are especially vulnerable to phthalate exposure due to physiological and metabolic changes during pregnancy, including those related to the metabolism of xenobiotics. Phthalate exposure during pregnancy has been associated with early gestational weight gain, however, its effect on long-term weight gain remains unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the association between phthalate exposure during pregnancy and long-term changes in weight among women. Methods: Urinary phthalate concentrations, socioeconomic, anthropometry and information on diet and socioeconomic status were collected during pregnancy from 178 women from the Early Life Exposure in Mexico to Environmental Toxicants (ELEMENT) birth cohort. Maternal body weight and diet information was also collected up to 5 times in the first year postpartum and twice

Protracted Impairment of Maternal Metabolic Health in Mouse Dams Following Pregnancy Exposure to a Mixture of Low Dose Endocrine-Disrupting Chemicals, a Pilot Study

“…Pregnancy is an understudied window of vulnerability for later-life maternal health [1,84], as the metabolic demands necessary for supporting fetal development may enhance maternal metabolic disease risk [2,3,85,86]. Recent epidemiological studies have shown an increased prevalence of life-long maternal metabolic alterations following gestational EDC exposures [23][24][25], yet few rodent models have explored the role of pregnancy per se by directly comparing non-pregnant and pregnant female mice, nor have they examined exposure to EDC mixtures, a phenomenon consistent with the human environment. The present pilot study examined the potential for protracted maternal metabolic toxicity following gestational EDC exposures, singly and in the mixture.…”

“…Following pregnancy, women undergo a metabolic reset to return to the physiological state experienced prior to pregnancy adaptations, the persistence of these pregnancy-specific changes in maternal metabolic physiology increases the risk of later-life maternal metabolic disease [21,22]. Furthermore, epidemiological studies have found per and poly-fluoroalkyl substances and phthalates exposure during pregnancy to be associated with increased postpartum maternal adiposity [23,24]. Pregnancy phthalate exposures have also been found in an epidemiological study to be associated with postpartum maternal elevated plasma glucose, insulin resistance, and adverse lipid changes, i.e., lower HDL and higher triglyceride levels [25].…”

Bisphenol A and Phthalates in Diet: An Emerging Link with Pregnancy Complications

“…Furthermore, the same authors reported that pregnant mice exposed to BPA developed insulin resistance and glucose intolerance later, along with significant weight gain, compared to controls [103]. Phthalates have been linked to long-term weight gain in the mother as well [104], potentially contributing to the development of metabolic diseases, such as T2D and metabolic syndrome, the well-known long-term complications of GDM [12,105]. There is evidence in the mouse model that BPA exposure in pregnancy targets insulin signalling pathways in peripheral tissues (liver and adipose tissue) by inhibiting the phosphorylation of Akt, therefore inducing impaired glucose homeostasis [102].…”

Toxicity of Cosmetic Products: Endocrine Disruptor Chemicals

“…Gebe kadınlar üzerinde 10 yıl süre ile gözlemlenen çalışmada, gebelik döneminde ftalat maruziyetinin uzun dönemde kilo alımında artışa neden olabileceği öne sürülmüştür. 43 İn vitro insan spermlerinde yapılan bir çalışmada ise di-n-butil ftalat (2 nM-6 μM) ve mono-n-butil ftalat (1 nM-3 μM) maruziyeti sonucu sperm hareket ve penetrasyon yeteneği üzerine ciddi yan etkiler gözlenmiş ve yüksek seviyelerde semende birikerek sperm fonksiyonlarını düzenlediği bilinen sperm tirozin fosforilasyonu yolağını inhibe edebilecekleri bildirilmiştir. 44 Ayrıca, 50 gebe kadın arasında yapılan bir çalışmada, kişisel bakım ürünleri maruziyeti ile ftalat ve BPA gibi kimyasallar için idrarda biyogösterge tayini gerçekleştirilmiştir.…”