Objetivo. Describir la prevalencia de obesidad en adultosmexicanos estratificando por condiciones físicas y sociodemográficas,y analizar tendencias. Material y métodos.Análisis de 16 256 adultos de la Encuesta Nacional de Salud yNutrición (Ensanut) 2018-19. Se clasificó obesidad (OMS), adiposidadabdominal (IDF) y talla baja (NOM-008-SSA3-2017).Se realizaron modelos de regresión logística para asociarobesidad y factores de riesgo. Para evaluar tendencias seanalizaron Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2000 y Ensanut (2006,2012, 2018-19). Resultados. La prevalencia de sobrepesofue 39.1%, obesidad 36.1% y adiposidad abdominal 81.6%. Sepresentaron las prevalencias más altas en >40-50 años y enlas mujeres. No hubo diferencia por nivel socioeconómico.En el periodo 2000-2018 aumentó la prevalencia de obesidad42.2% y de obesidad mórbida 96.5%. Las mujeres con tallabaja tuvieron mayor riesgo (RM=1.84) de tener obesidad quelas mujeres sin esta condición, mientras que en hombres elriesgo fue menor (RM=0.79). Conclusiones. En México,la prevalencia de obesidad sigue aumentando sin importarnivel socioeconómico, región o localidad.
Objectives
The aim of the present study was to estimate the incidence and spontaneous clearance rate of Helicobacter pylori infection and the effect of some variables on these outcomes in schoolchildren.
Methods
From May 2005 to December 2010, 718 schoolchildren enrolled in 3 public boarding schools in Mexico City participated in the follow-up. At the beginning of the study and every 6 months thereafter, breath samples were taken to detect H pylori infection; blood samples and anthropometric measurements were taken to evaluate nutritional status. Data on sociodemographic characteristics were collected.
Results
The prevalence of H pylori infection was 38%. The incidence rate was 6.36%/year. Schoolchildren with anemia or iron deficiency at the beginning of the study (who received iron supplements) showed a higher infection acquisition rate than those with normal iron nutritional status, hazard ratio (HR) 12.52 (95% confidence interval [CI] 4.01%–39.12%), P <0.001 and HR 2.05 (95% CI 1.09%–3.87%), P = 0.027, respectively. The spontaneous clearance rate of the infection was 4.74%/year. The spontaneous clearance rate was higher in children who had iron deficiency (who received iron supplements), HR 5.02 (95% CI 1.33%–18.99%), P = 0.017, compared with those with normal nutritional iron status. It was lower in schoolchildren with ≥2 siblings compared with schoolchildren with 1 or no siblings, HR 0.23 (95% CI 0.08%–0.63%), P = 0.004.
Conclusions
H pylori infection status is dynamic in schoolchildren. Variables related to health status and infection transmission, such as iron status and number of siblings, are important for the incidence and spontaneous clearance of H pylori infection.
Objective. To estimate the incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in Mexican population. Materials and methods. Population based prospective study. At baseline (1990), the population at risk (1939 non-diabetic adults 35-64 years) was evaluated with oral glucose tolerance test. Subsequent similar evaluations were done (1994, 1998, 2008). American Diabetes Association diagnostic criteria were applied. Results. The period of observation was 27842 person-years, the cumulative incidence of T2D was 14.4 and 13.7 per 1000 person-years for men and women, respectively. Incidence was 15.8, 15.7 and 12.7 per 1 000 person-years for the second (1994), third (1998) and fourth (2008) follow-up phases, respectively. The mean age at diagnosis was 44 years for prevalent cases and 56 years for incident cases. Conclusions. This is the first estimate of long-term incidence of T2D in Mexican population. The incidence is among the highest reported worldwide. It remained with few changes throughout the study period.
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