Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Different Grain Sizes

Kim, Hyung Do; Ohkita, Hideo; Benten, Hiroaki; Ito, Shinzaburo

doi:10.1002/adma.201504144

Cited by 307 publications

(246 citation statements)

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“…[18][19][20] It is well known that grain size is a key factor related to the diffusion length of carriers, the rate of carrier recombination and charge generation. [19] To well control the fabrication of dense and uniform perovskite films with large grain size is challenging and meaningful. Compared with other deposition methods (such as vapor deposition, vapor-assisted deposition, atomic layer deposition etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stitching triple cation perovskite by a mixed anti-solvent process for high performance perovskite solar cells

et al. 2017

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With the rapid development of organic-inorganic lead halide perovskite photovoltaics, increasingly more attentions are paid to explore the growth mechanism and precisely control the quality of perovskite films. In this study, we propose a "stitching effect" to fabricate high quality perovskite films by using chlorobenzene (CB) as an anti-solvent and isopropyl alcohol (IPA) as an additive into this anti-solvent. Because of the existence of IPA, CB can be efficiently released from the gaps of perovskite precursors and the perovskite film formation can be slightly modified in a controlled manner. More homogeneous surface morphology and larger grain size of perovskite films were achieved via this process. The reduced grain boundaries ensure low surface defect density and good carrier transport in the perovskite layer. Meanwhile, we also performed the Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy to investigate the film growth mechanism of unannealed and annealed perovskite films. Solar cells fabricated by using the "stitching effect" exhibited a best efficiency of 19.2%. Our results show that solvent and solvent additives dramatically influenced the formation and crystallization processes for perovskite materials due to their different coordination and extraction capabilities. This method presents a new path towards controlling the growth and morphology of perovskite films.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Stitching triple cation perovskite by a mixed anti-solvent process for high performance perovskite solar cells

et al. 2017

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“…In addition, it is considered that grains of the present CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 were small. In fact, a correlation between grain size and V oc of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 -based solar cells was recently reported by Kim et al, and they argued that trap states in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 layer decreased accompanied by enlargement of grains [42]. In our opinion, fabricating a completely pinhole-free CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 film is significantly important to achieve high conversion efficiencies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Characterization and Photovoltaic Properties of BiFeO3 Thin Films

Shirahata

Oku

2016

Coatings

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Bismuth ferrite (BiFeO 3 ) thin films were prepared by a spin-coating method. Crystal structure and optical properties of the BiFeO 3 films were evaluated using X-ray diffraction. The lattice constants, crystallite size, and energy gap of BiFeO 3 films depended on the concentration of the BiFeO 3 precursor solution. BiFeO 3 /CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 photovoltaic devices were fabricated to investigate photovoltaic properties of BiFeO 3 . Current density-voltage characteristics of the photovoltaic devices showed rectifying behavior, indicating that BiFeO 3 worked as an electron transport layer in CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 -based photovoltaic devices.

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“…On the other hand, V OC was as small as 0.23 V and a fill factor (FF) was as small as 0.39, both of which are significantly smaller than those of lead-based counterparts. 5,15 Note that no JV hysteresis was observed for all the devices studied. These findings clearly indicate that the small V OC and FF are the major loss in CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 perovskite solar cells.…”

Section: ¹2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…24 mA cm ¹2 ) of lead-based counterparts. 5,15 This is because CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 perovskites can absorb many more photons in the near-infrared region up to 1000 nm. Such a high J SC obtained from the JV curve is in good agreement with that calculated from the EQE and solar spectra, as shown in Figure 3b.…”

Section: ¹2mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…15,17,2730 Furthermore, an additional voltage loss would be involved because of the nonradiative recombination, which is typically in the range of 0.20.3 eV as reported previously. 15,2931 In addition, the ideality factor n id as small as ca. 1.3 also suggests that dominant recombination is surface recombination rather than trap-assisted recombination in our CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 solar cells.…”

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Open-circuit Voltage Loss in CH₃NH₃SnI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells

Kim¹,

Miyamoto²,

Kubota³

et al. 2017

Chem. Lett.

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Organicinorganic perovskite solar cells based on tin halides exhibit a small open-circuit voltage (V OC ) because of a large photon energy loss from band-gap energy, as large as 0.81.0 eV. In this study, we discussed the origin of the V OC loss in CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 -based devices by measuring the temperature dependence of V OC . As a result, we found that the large loss in V OC is mainly due to the surface recombination at the interface rather than the bulk recombination in the perovskites. Organicinorganic perovskite solar cells based on lead halides (CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3¹x Cl x ) have attracted much attention of many researchers owing to their superior optical and electronic properties, such as high absorption coefficient and charge carrier mobility, small exciton binding energy, and long diffusion length of charge carriers. 13 Moreover, they have shown a steep increase in the power conversion efficiency (PCE) from 3.8% in 2009 4 to more than 22% in 2016 5,6 and hence are recently considered as a promising next-generation photovoltaic device. However, the use of toxic material (Pb) still remains a major obstacle for the commercialization of these devices. Thus, it is highly desirable for environmental friendly devices to replace lead(II) with other nontoxic metal elements, such as germanium(II), tin(II), and bismuth(III). 712Very recently, several groups have successfully fabricated organicinorganic perovskites solar cells based on tin halides (CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 ), which yields the best PCE in the range of 56%. 8,11,12 However, the device performance of tin-based perovskite solar cells still lags far behind that of lead-based counterparts. In particular, the open-circuit voltage (V OC ) is typically much smaller than the band-gap energy (E g ). In other words, the photon energy loss (E loss ) from E g is as large as 0.8 1.0 eV, which is larger by 0.30.5 eV than that for lead-based devices.1315 Hence, it is highly required to study the origin of the V OC loss for further improvements in the device performance of tin-based perovskite solar cells.Herein, we have fabricated the CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 -based solar cells with a layer structure as shown in Figure 1a, and studied the origin of the photon energy loss E loss = E g ¹ qV OC (q is the elementary charge) by measuring the temperature dependence of V OC . As a result, we found that the dominant recombination mechanism in these devices is the surface recombination at the interface rather than the bulk recombination of the perovskite layer, eventually resulting in a large loss in V OC .Organicinorganic perovskite solar cells based on tin halides (CH 3 NH 3 SnI 3 ) were fabricated as follows. A 20-nmthick layer of dense TiO 2 (d-TiO 2 ) was coated onto an F-doped SnO 2 (FTO; Asahi Glass) substrate by plasma-enhanced atomic layer deposition (a source material was titanium(IV) isopropoxide (TTIP)). Mesoporous TiO 2 (mp-TiO 2 ) films were deposited onto the d-TiO 2 /FTO substrate by spin-coating a TiO 2 paste (Nikki Syokubai Kasei, PST-18NR) diluted by ethanol (1:3 by weight). The...

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Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Different Grain Sizes

Cited by 307 publications

References 51 publications

Stitching triple cation perovskite by a mixed anti-solvent process for high performance perovskite solar cells

Stitching triple cation perovskite by a mixed anti-solvent process for high performance perovskite solar cells

Characterization and Photovoltaic Properties of BiFeO3 Thin Films

Open-circuit Voltage Loss in CH₃NH₃SnI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells

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Photovoltaic Performance of Perovskite Solar Cells with Different Grain Sizes

Cited by 307 publications

References 51 publications

Stitching triple cation perovskite by a mixed anti-solvent process for high performance perovskite solar cells

Stitching triple cation perovskite by a mixed anti-solvent process for high performance perovskite solar cells

Characterization and Photovoltaic Properties of BiFeO3 Thin Films

Open-circuit Voltage Loss in CH3NH3SnI3 Perovskite Solar Cells

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Product

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Open-circuit Voltage Loss in CH₃NH₃SnI₃ Perovskite Solar Cells