Photooxidative Stress

Oxidative Stress Studies in Plant Tissue Culture

“…which then can lead the formation of chlorophyll (Chl) triplet state. Chl triplet state can react with 3 O2 to give up the very reactive 1 O2 (Arora et al, 2002;Reddy and Raghavendra, 2006;Gill and Tuteja, 2010). 1 O2 has powerful damaging effect on the whole photosynthetic machinery, including chloroplast membrane lipids, proteins and nucleic acids.…”

“…Paraquat (also called methyl violeng) prevents the transfer of electrons from ferredoxin (Fd) in PSI, afterwards increase generation of O2 ·-with the transfer of electrons from molecular oxygen (Peixoto et al, 2007;Gill and Tuteja, 2010). It is also clear that environmental stress induced the production of O2 ·-and the other ROS (Arora et al, 2002;Reddy and Raghavendra, 2006;Gill and Tuteja, 2010). H2O2 is produced as a result of dismutation reaction of O2 · .…”

“…If productions of hydroxyl radicals are not eliminated by any enzymatic and non-enzymatic defense mechanisms, overproduction of its ultimately leads to cell death (Desikan et al, 2005;Gill and Tuteja, 2010). As a result of the measurement of ROS using spectrophotometric, fluorescent dye probe and electron spin resonance (ESR) methods showed that various abiotic stress factors induced ROS formation in a wide range of plant species under in vitro conditions (Mohamed and Aly, 2004;Chakrabarty et al 2005;Gallego et al, 2005;Reddy and Raghavendra, 2006;Azevedo et al, 2009;Shehab et al, 2010;El-Beltagi et al, 2011 …”

ROS as Signaling Molecules and Enzymes of Plant Response to Unfavorable Environmental Conditions

“…Reducing glutathione disulfide (GSSG) to the sulfhydryl form (GSH), which is an important cellular antioxidant in defense against ROS, it sustains the reduced status of GSH. Glutathione disulfide contains of two GSH linked by a disulphide bridge which can be converted back to GSH by GR (Reddy 2006). Glutathione reductase is localized mainly in chloroplasts and small amount of this enzyme has been found in mitochondria and cytosol.…”

A database of 10 min average measurements of solar radiation and meteorological variables in Ostrava, Czech Republic

“…Incident solar radiation, especially in the ultraviolet UVB 280-315 nm, UVA 315-400 nm, and visible (VIS) 380-760 nm spectral regions, is the key factor influencing plants. Although plants can adapt to changing environmental conditions, excessive radiation causes them acute damage because of over-excited photosystems and the evolution of free radicals (Reddy and Raghavendra, 2006). Conversely, a lack of radiation is an important stress factor as well (Lambers et al, 2008).…”