Photodynamic therapy combined with immunotherapy for an advanced esophageal cancer with an obstruction post metal stent implantation: A case report and literature review

Wang, Xueyan; Maswikiti, Ewetse Paul; Zhu, Jingyu; Ma, Yanling; Zheng, Peng; Yu, Yang; Wang, Bofang; Gao, Lei; Chen, Hao

doi:10.1016/j.pdpdt.2021.102671

Cited by 8 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In terms of the structure of EUS, a miniature high-frequency ultrasonic probe is installed on the top of the endoscope, and an ultrasonic scan can be performed by the endoscope entering the body to obtain the ultrasonic images of the features of gastrointestinal tissue. The obtained images can be of some help to more intuitive and accurate diagnosis of disease and the implementation of follow-up targeted treatment plans (28,29). EUS can measure the diameter and cross-sectional area of the esophageal wall and the gastric wall by ultrasound.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic ultrasonography in staging diagnosis of esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy

Li¹,

Wang²,

Kang³

et al. 2022

J Gastrointest Oncol

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Background: Clinically, it is necessary to evaluate the overall situation of the tumor before treatment, understand the disease stage of the patient, and choose the most reasonable treatment plan. Therefore, it is necessary to seek an efficient and accurate staging diagnosis method. EUS is widely used in staging esophageal cancer, but its accuracy will be affected by the experience of endoscopic diagnosis physicians.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic ultrasonography in staging diagnosis of esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy

Li¹,

Wang²,

Kang³

et al. 2022

J Gastrointest Oncol

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“…It is worth mentioning that UCNPs can be used to transform nonimmunogenic tumors into immunogenic tumors which could allow an optimized PDT combined with immunotherapy ( Ji et al, 2022 ). The combination of PDT with immunotherapy has been considered a good alternative treatment in managing recurrent metastatic tumors that are not eligible for surgery ( Wang et al, 2022 ). Thus, all advantages described for UCNPs for PDT still can be useful for a smart prospect in clinical practice of PDT combined with immunotherapy, an emerging field in nanomaterials for PDT-driven cancer immunotherapy, especially in cases of tumor hypoxia ( Wang et al, 2022 ) ( Wang et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Summary and Perspectivesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Upconversion rare Earths nanomaterials applied to photodynamic therapy and bioimaging

et al. 2022

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Light-based therapies and diagnoses including photodynamic therapy (PDT) have been used in many fields of medicine, including the treatment of non-oncological diseases and many types of cancer. PDT require a light source and a light-sensitive compound, called photosensitizer (PS), to detect and destroy cancer cells. After absorption of the photon, PS molecule gets excited from its singlet ground state to a higher electronically excited state which, among several photophysical processes, can emit light (fluorescence) and/or generate reactive oxygen species (ROS). Moreover, the biological responses are activated only in specific areas of the tissue that have been submitted to exposure to light. The success of the PDT depends on many parameters, such as deep light penetration on tissue, higher PS uptake by undesired cells as well as its photophysical and photochemical characteristics. One of the challenges of PDT is the depth of penetration of light into biological tissues. Because photon absorption and scattering occur simultaneously, these processes depend directly on the light wavelength. Using PS that absorbs photons on “optical transparency windows” of biological tissues promises deeper penetration and less attenuation during the irradiation process. The traditional PS normally is excited by a higher energy photon (UV-Vis light) which has become the Achilles’ heel in photodiagnosis and phototreatment of deep-seated tumors below the skin. Thus, the need to have an effective upconverter sensitizer agent is the property in which it absorbs light in the near-infrared (NIR) region and emits in the visible and NIR spectral regions. The red emission can contribute to the therapy and the green and NIR emission to obtain the image, for example. The absorption of NIR light by the material is very interesting because it allows greater penetration depth for in vivo bioimaging and can efficiently suppress autofluorescence and light scattering. Consequently, the penetration of NIR radiation is greater, activating the biophotoluminescent material within the cell. Thus, materials containing Rare Earth (RE) elements have a great advantage for these applications due to their attractive optical and physicochemical properties, such as several possibilities of excitation wavelengths – from UV to NIR, strong photoluminescence emissions, relatively long luminescence decay lifetimes (µs to ms), and high sensitivity and easy preparation. In resume, the relentless search for new systems continues. The contribution and understanding of the mechanisms of the various physicochemical properties presented by this system is critical to finding a suitable system for cancer treatment via PDT.

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“…An increasing number of photosensitizers are being discovered and actively used in lung ( 204 ), prostate ( 205 ), head and neck ( 206 ), esophageal ( 207 ), and other cancers in clinical treatment. Porphyrins (PZ I/III) and 8-methoxy psoralen (8-MOP) are two typical photosensitizers that are non-toxic.…”

Section: New Techniques For Icd Inductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Research progress in inducing immunogenic cell death of tumor cells

Xie

Wang

2022

Front. Immunol.

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Immunogenic cell death (ICD) is a regulated cell death (RCD) pathway. In response to physical and chemical signals, tumor cells activate specific signaling pathways that stimulate stress responses in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) and expose damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), which promote antitumor immune responses. As a result, the tumor microenvironment is altered, and many tumor cells are killed. The ICD response in tumor cells requires inducers. These inducers can be from different sources and contribute to the development of the ICD either indirectly or directly. The combination of ICD inducers with other tumor treatments further enhances the immune response in tumor cells, and more tumor cells are killed; however, it also produces side effects of varying severity. New induction methods based on nanotechnology improve the antitumor ability and significantly reduces side effects because they can target tumor cells precisely. In this review, we introduce the characteristics and mechanisms of ICD responses in tumor cells and the DAMPs associated with ICD responses, summarize the current methods of inducing ICD response in tumor cells in five distinct categories: chemical sources, physical sources, pathogenic sources, combination therapies, and innovative therapies. At the same time, we introduce the limitations of current ICD inducers and make a summary of the use of ICD responses in clinical trials. Finally, we provide an outlook on the future of ICD inducer development and provide some constructive suggestions.

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Photodynamic therapy combined with immunotherapy for an advanced esophageal cancer with an obstruction post metal stent implantation: A case report and literature review

Cited by 8 publications

References 26 publications

Systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic ultrasonography in staging diagnosis of esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy

Systematic review and meta-analysis of endoscopic ultrasonography in staging diagnosis of esophageal cancer after neoadjuvant radiotherapy and chemotherapy

Upconversion rare Earths nanomaterials applied to photodynamic therapy and bioimaging

Research progress in inducing immunogenic cell death of tumor cells

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