Photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli biofilms by malachite green and phenothiazine dyes: An in vitro study

Vilela, Simone Furgeri Godinho; Junqueira, Juliana Campos; Barbosa, Júnia Oliveira; Majewski, Marta; Munin, Egberto; Jorge, Antônio Olavo Cardoso

doi:10.1016/j.archoralbio.2011.12.002

Cited by 92 publications

(62 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…Other authors have shown that this form of treatment is effective against various infections, including by bacteria, fungi, and viruses [31][32][33][34]. The present investigation has extended these studies in showing that the combination of methylene blue and a diode laser is also effective for bacterial reduction.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy using methylene blue and red color diode laser on biofilm attached to sandblasted and acid-etched surface of titanium

et al. 2017

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Purpose The aim of this study was to evaluate the antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy (PDT) on biofilm attached to sandblasted and acid-etched (SLA) surfaces. Methods The bacterial strains used were Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans and Streptococcus sanguinis. SLA disks were subdivided into five groups including one control group and four test groups (laser-alone, methylene blue (MB)-alone, PDT60, and PDT120) for PDT examination for each surface. The laser-alone group was only irradiated with a diode laser for 60 s. The MB-alone group was put into 1 ml of 100 μg/ml of methylene blue for 60 s. PDT60 and PDT120 groups were put into 1 ml of 100 μg/ml methylene blue and then irradiated for 60 and 120 s, respectively. After treatment, the survival rate of bacteria was determined by counting the colony-forming units (CFUs) after incubation. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) were used to observe the microorganisms on the disk surfaces. Results Significant differences were found between the control group, LED-alone group, MB-alone group, and PDT60 and PDT120 groups (P < 0.05). The PDT60 and PDT120 groups showed a decreasing tendency of live bacteria. In the SEM images, the control group, LED-alone group, and MBalone group showed intact bacterial cell walls. However, the bacterial cell walls were changed after PDT. On CLSM images, the PDT60 and PDT120 groups showed a high proportion of dead bacteria with red color. Conclusions These findings suggest that combination of methylene blue and a red color LED (Periowave®) was effective in reducing the viability of biofilm attached to SLA titanium surface in vitro.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 69%

Antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy using methylene blue and red color diode laser on biofilm attached to sandblasted and acid-etched surface of titanium

et al. 2017

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“…Apparently, there is no consensus in the literature regarding non-toxic concentrations of MB and MG for E. coli, as well as the optimal concentrations for photodynamic inactivation. Vilela et al (2012) did not observe any cytotoxic effect using 3000 M and 300 M of MG and MB, respectively, in the absence of light. Ergaieg and Seux (2009) used 3.65 M of MB and observed no inhibitory effect on cell viability in the dark, while Felgenträger et al (2013) reached the same conclusion using MB 100 M.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, there was no significant statistical difference between the dyes studied. Vilela et al (2012) compared the action of malachite green with the phenothiazinic photosensitizers (methylene blue and toluidine blue) on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli biofilms. The best results for both microorganisms were obtained with photosensitizer concentrations of approximately 300 mM MB, with microbial reductions of 0.8-1.0 log 10 ; 150 mM TB, with microbial reductions of 0.9-1.0 log 10 ; and 3000 mM MG, with microbial reductions of 1.6-4.0 log 10 .…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Photodynamic inactivation of Escherichia coli by methylene blue and malachite green under red LED light

Hasegawa¹,

Morais²,

Soares³

et al. 2015

Rev. ambiente água

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This study assessed the effectiveness of methylene blue (MB) and malachite green (MG) on photodynamic inactivation (PDI) of Escherichia coli. The photosensitizers methylene blue (1000 mol L -1 ) and malachite green (250 mol L -1 ) were activated with a red light-emitting diode (LED) lamp ( max = 636 nm). Bacterial suspensions containing 10 6 CFU mL -1 were irradiated for 5, 10 and 15 minutes (energy density = 119.9 J cm -2 , 223.9 J cm -2 and 335.8 J cm -2 , respectively). The following experimental conditions were performed for each photosensitizer: no light irradiation or photosensitizer, irradiation only, photosensitizer only or irradiation in the presence of a photosensitizer. Next, serial dilutions were prepared and seeded onto PCA medium for the determination of the number of colony-forming units per milliliter (CFU mL -1 ). The results were subjected to analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey test (P<0.05). Photodynamic inactivation using MB and MG was effective in reducing the number of E. coli. Malachite green (250 µmol L -1 ) photosensitization was able to achieve reductions of over 89% in the viable counts after 15 min of irradiation and methylene blue (1000 µmol L -1 ), at the same conditions of irradiation, showed a rate growth inhibition of 94.6%. The red LED light used has proven to be effective in the photosensitizing dyes and proved a good alternative to conventional light sources such as laser.Keywords: bacteria, cationic dye, photodynamic therapy, water disinfection. Inativação fotodinâmica de

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“…These PSs are commonly employed in APDT because of their high binding affinity for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria such as methicillin-susceptible and methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MSSA and MRSA) and E. coli [15,16]. Phenothiazinium PSs are pharmacodynamically interesting because this class of PSs exhibits inherent toxicity to E. coli cells, also under dark conditions [17].…”

Section: Phenothiaziniumsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antibacterial photodynamic therapy: overview of a promising approach to fight antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections

et al. 2015

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Antibacterial photodynamic therapy (APDT) has drawn increasing attention from the scientific society for its potential to effectively kill multidrug-resistant pathogenic bacteria and for its low tendency to induce drug resistance that bacteria can rapidly develop against traditional antibiotic therapy. The review summarizes the mechanism of action of APDT, the photosensitizers, the barriers to PS localization, the targets, the in vitro-, in vivo-, and clinical evidence, the current developments in terms of treating Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria, the limitations, as well as future perspectives. Relevance for patients: A structured overview of all important aspects of APDT is provided in the context of resistant bacterial species. The information presented is relevant and accessible for scientists as well as clinicians, whose joint effort is required to ensure that this technology benefits patients in the post-antibiotic era.

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Photodynamic inactivation of Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli biofilms by malachite green and phenothiazine dyes: An in vitro study

Cited by 92 publications

References 36 publications

Antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy using methylene blue and red color diode laser on biofilm attached to sandblasted and acid-etched surface of titanium

Antimicrobial effect of photodynamic therapy using methylene blue and red color diode laser on biofilm attached to sandblasted and acid-etched surface of titanium

Photodynamic inactivation of Escherichia coli by methylene blue and malachite green under red LED light

Antibacterial photodynamic therapy: overview of a promising approach to fight antibiotic-resistant bacterial infections

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