Photobiology and Radiobiology of Micrococcus (Deinococcus) radiodurans

Moseley, Bevan

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-4505-3_5

Cited by 122 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 128 publications

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“…This effect has been previously reported for several bacteria, along with the influence of other factors, such as growth medium composition, irradiation medium, and temperature (13,19).…”

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confidence: 76%

Repair of extensive ionizing-radiation DNA damage at 95 degrees C in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus

et al. 1997

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We investigated the capacity of the hyperthermophile Pyrococcus furiosus for DNA repair by measuring survival at high levels of 60 Co ␥-irradiation. The P. furiosus 2-Mb chromosome was fragmented into pieces ranging from 500 kb to shorter than 30 kb at a dose of 2,500 Gy and was fully restored upon incubation at 95°C. We suggest that recombination repair could be an extremely active repair mechanism in P. furiosus and that it might be an important determinant of survival of hyperthermophiles at high temperatures.Pyrococcus furiosus is a hyperthermophile growing optimally at 100°C. It is a member of the Archaea, a group of prokaryotes which have many molecular features in common with modern eukaryotes, and which are thought by many to be ancestral life forms (25). The exceptional degree of tolerance and resistance of hyperthermophiles to high temperatures must include adaptations that affect all levels of the cellular machinery, including the enzymes that are involved in maintaining the integrity and stability of genomic DNA. Kopylov et al. (14) reported that a closely related member of the Archaea, Thermococcus stetteri, is 12 times more resistant to ␥-irradiation than Escherichia coli but 2 times more sensitive than the bacterium Deinococcus radiodurans. In addition, Peak et al. (20) have shown that at 100°C, the DNA of P. furiosus is 20 times more resistant to thermal breakage in vivo than the DNA from the mesophile E. coli. Thermophilic members of the Archaea have histone proteins (24) known to give partial protection of plasmid DNA to fast neutrons and ␥-photons (12) and to prevent thermal denaturation of DNA (5). However, the protective effect of DNA-binding proteins cannot account for the extreme resistance of these microorganisms to heat and ␥-irradiation (12,14,20), suggesting the presence of very active mechanisms for DNA repair.Among the lesions induced by ionizing radiation in cellular DNA, double-strand breaks (DSBs) are the least efficiently repaired, and their frequency is correlated with cell death (9). Indeed, E. coli and most other organisms cannot survive if more than two or three DSBs are introduced per chromosome, independently of their physiological state (15,21). DSBs are noninformative lesions that affect the DNA double helix at the same site, eliminating intact template for repair and precluding any excision repair processes. However, D. radiodurans has been found to be extremely resistant to ionizing radiation (19). This organism can repair more than 100 DSBs per chromosome, induced by ionizing radiation, without loss of viability (19). Its extreme resistance to ␥-irradiation is attributed to possible adaptation to desiccation (16). RecA-dependent recombinational repair and single-strand annealing are the two mechanisms proposed to account for repair of ionizing-radiation damage in D. radiodurans (16,18).In contrast, there is currently very little information about DNA repair systems in hyperthermophiles, and what information there is consists mainly of the characterization of DNA rep...

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“…This effect has been previously reported for several bacteria, along with the influence of other factors, such as growth medium composition, irradiation medium, and temperature (13,19).…”

supporting

confidence: 76%

Repair of extensive ionizing-radiation DNA damage at 95 degrees C in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus

et al. 1997

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“…Also included in this figure is D. radiodurans R1 and the UV-sensitive D. radiodurans Rl derivative, strain UVS78, that lacks two U V endonuclease repair pathways . The high U V resistance of the new isolates is similar to and characteristic of all known deinococcal species (Moseley, 1983).…”

Section: Isolation Of Deinococcus Strainssupporting

confidence: 59%

“…radiodurans Rl. The gene products of these loci are two independent UV-endonucleases that are required for resistance to UV and bulky alkylating agents Moseley & Copland, 1978;Tempest & Moseley, 1980), and we expected them to be highly conserved as all members of the genus are remarkably UV-resistant (Moseley, 1983). The third probe, pS19, is the full length of the naturally occurring D. radiodurans SARK cryptic plasmid pUEl1, which has been cloned in the E. coli plasmid pS27 (Smith et al, 1989).…”

Section: Restrict Ion Fragment Length Poly Morph Ismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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DNA polymorphisms in new isolates of 'Deinococcus radiopugnans'

Masters

Murray²,

Moseley³

et al. 1991

Journal of General Microbiology

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Nineteen new Deinococcus isolates from soil, 18 of which were from samples immediately adjacent to a lake in Nottingham, UK, were characterized by conventional criteria, and found to be identical to each other and to conform most closely to the species D. radiopugnans. However, we detected three different restriction enzyme activities in three different isolates. Because of this suggestion of heterogeneity, we examined the isolates for restriction fragment length polymorphisms (RFLPs). RFLP analysis of the 19 original isolates, using three different probes, distinguished 17 divergent groups. This extraordinary diversity cannot be attributed to geographical differences, nor to the method of isolation, which employed UV-radiation selection.

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“…However, with the exception of Deinococcus and Pyrococcus, very little information is available regarding the mechanisms of IR resistance and comparative genomics in the above-mentioned prokaryotes. D. radiodurans is the current gold-medallist of IR resistance among prokaryotes with a completely sequenced genome (Liolios et al, 2006;Liolios et al, 2010), and can amend more than 100 DSBs per chromosome, induced by IR, without loss of viability (Moseley, 1983;White et al, 1999). After breaking of its 3.2 Mb genome into 20−30 kb pieces by a high dose of IR, D. radiodurans fascinatingly reassembles its genome such that 3 hr later fully restructured nonrearranged chromosomes are present (Galhardo and Rosenberg, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

DNA Repair: Lessons from the Evolution of Ionizing- Radiation-Resistant Prokaryotes – Fact and Theory

Sghaier¹

2011

Selected Topics in DNA Repair

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Photobiology and Radiobiology of Micrococcus (Deinococcus) radiodurans

Cited by 122 publications

References 128 publications

Repair of extensive ionizing-radiation DNA damage at 95 degrees C in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus

Repair of extensive ionizing-radiation DNA damage at 95 degrees C in the hyperthermophilic archaeon Pyrococcus furiosus

DNA polymorphisms in new isolates of 'Deinococcus radiopugnans'

DNA Repair: Lessons from the Evolution of Ionizing- Radiation-Resistant Prokaryotes – Fact and Theory

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