Phosphorene: Fabrication, Properties, and Applications

Kou, Liangzhi; Chen, Changfeng; Smith, Sean C.

doi:10.1021/acs.jpclett.5b01094

Cited by 738 publications

(458 citation statements)

References 108 publications

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“…BP devices display carrier mobilities which vastly exceed those typical of MoS 2 transistors. 14, 35-37 Few-layer BP therefore bridges the current gap between graphene and the 'traditional' 2D semiconductors by providing the high carrier mobility necessary for high-frequency electronics 38 17,42,43 and in the sensing of gas 44 and biomolecules 45 and in thermoelectric devices, 21,46 . The latter relies on the orthogonal preferred directions of electrical and thermal conductivity which arise from the anisotropic structure atomic structure of BP in the ab plane.…”

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confidence: 99%

Solution processing of two-dimensional black phosphorus

et al. 2017

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Phosphorene, or two-dimensional (2D) black phosphorus (BP) was the first synthetic 2D elemental allotrope beyond graphene to be isolated and studied. It is useful due to its high p-type carrier mobility and direct band gap that is tunable in the range ca. 0.3 -2 eV thus bridging the energy gap between graphene and transition metal dichalcogenides such as molybdenum disulfide. Beyond the 'Scotch-Tape' method that was used to isolate the first samples of 2D BP for prototype studies, a range of potentially scalable solution processing techniques emerged later that can produce electronics grade material. This feature article focuses on such solution-process routes to 2D BP and highlights challenges in processing the material, mainly caused by its susceptibility to oxidation, as well as illuminating new avenues and opportunities in the area.

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confidence: 99%

Solution processing of two-dimensional black phosphorus

et al. 2017

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“…The puckered structure of phosphorene exhibits a lower symmetry than graphene. This results in anisotropic energy spectra and other physical characteristics of phosphorene, both in momentum and real space in the two-dimensional (2D) plane [16,17]. The anisotropic band structure of phosphorene causes splitting of the magnetoroton mode into two branches with two minima.…”

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confidence: 99%

Missing fractional quantum Hall states in ZnO

Luo

Chakraborty

2016

Phys. Rev. B

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We have analyzed the crucial role the Coulomb interaction strength plays on the even and odd denominator fractional quantum Hall effects in a two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) in the ZnO heterointerface. In this system, the Landau level gaps are much smaller than those in conventional GaAs systems. The Coulomb interaction is also very large compared to the Landau level gap even in very high magnetic fields. We therefore consider the influence of higher Landau levels by considering the screened Coulomb potential in the random phase approximation. Interestingly, our exact diagonalization studies of the collective modes with this screened potential successfully explain recent experiments of even and odd denominator fractional quantum Hall effects, in particular, the unexpected absence of the 5/2 state and the presence of 9/2 state in ZnO.Discovery of the odd-denominator fractional quantum Hall effects (FQHE) in GaAs heterojunctions in 1982 [1] and its subsequent explanation by Laughlin [2,3], has remained the 'gold standard' for novel quantum states of correlated electrons in a strong magnetic field. These effects also have been observed in 'Dirac materials' such as graphene [4,5,9]. and are expected to be present in other graphene-like materials [6][7][8] with novel attributes. The FQHE states in monolayer and bilayer graphene were investigated theoretically [9][10][11][12] and experimentally [13,14]. For example, in bilayer graphene the application of a bias voltage results in some Landau levels (LLs) a phase transition between incompressible FQHE and compressible phases [11,12]. The FQHE in silicene and germanene indicated that because of the strong spinorbit interaction present in these materials as compared to graphene, the electron-electron interaction and the FQHE gap are significantly modified [15]. The puckered structure of phosphorene exhibits a lower symmetry than graphene. This results in anisotropic energy spectra and other physical characteristics of phosphorene, both in momentum and real space in the two-dimensional (2D) plane [16,17]. The anisotropic band structure of phosphorene causes splitting of the magnetoroton mode into two branches with two minima. For long wavelengths, we also found a second mode with upward dispersion that is clearly separated from the magnetoroton mode and is entirely due to the anisotropic bands [18].In 1987, a discovery of the quantum Hall state at the LL filling factor ν = 5 2 , the first even-denominator state observed in a single-layer system [19] added to the mystery of the FQHE. It soon became clear that this state must be different from the FQHE in predominantly odd-denominator filling fractions [1]. Understanding this enigmatic state has remained a major challenge in all these years [20,21]. At this half-filled first excited LL, a novel state described by a pair wave function involving a Pfaffian [12,22], where the low-energy excitations obey non-Abelian exchange statistics, has been the strongest * Tapash.Chakraborty@umanitoba.ca candidate.The field of FQHE has...

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“…The specific merits of BP from graphene and other 2D materials such as direct band gap (from −0.3 to 2.0 eV) which is highly tunable with number of layers, strong in‐plane anisotropy, and puckered layer. Although a few reviews on 2D BP have been published,30, 38, 56, 57, 77, 80, 83, 84, 85, 86, 87, 88, 89, 90 previous sporadic studies on 2D BP in energy storage systems have not been systematically presented. Thus, a comprehensive overview on the state of 2D BP research for EESDs is significant.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

2D Black Phosphorus: from Preparation to Applications for Electrochemical Energy Storage

Wu¹,

Hui

Hui³

2018

Advanced Science

197

140

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Black phosphorus (BP) is rediscovered as a 2D layered material. Since its first isolation in 2014, 2D BP has triggered tremendous interest in the fields of condensed matter physics, chemistry, and materials science. Given its unique puckered monolayer geometry, 2D BP displays many unprecedented properties and is being explored for use in numerous applications. The flexibility, large surface area, and good electric conductivity of 2D BP make it a promising electrode material for electrochemical energy storage devices (EESDs). Here, the experimental and theoretical progress of 2D BP is presented on the basis of its preparation methods. The structural and physiochemical properties, air instability, passivation, and EESD applications of 2D BP are discussed systemically. Specifically, the latest research findings on utilizing 2D BP in EESDs, such as lithium‐ion batteries, supercapacitors, and emerging technologies (lithium–sulfur batteries, magnesium‐ion batteries, and sodium‐ion batteries), are summarized. On the basis of the current progress, a few personal perspectives on the existing challenges and future research directions in this developing field are provided.

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Phosphorene: Fabrication, Properties, and Applications

Cited by 738 publications

References 108 publications

Solution processing of two-dimensional black phosphorus

Solution processing of two-dimensional black phosphorus

Missing fractional quantum Hall states in ZnO

2D Black Phosphorus: from Preparation to Applications for Electrochemical Energy Storage

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