Phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase. Genomic DNA, cDNA, and deduced amino acid sequence.

Brigelius‐Flohé, Regina; Aumann, Klaus-Dieter; Blöcker, Helmut; Groß, Gerhard; Kieß, Michael; Klöppel, Klaus‐Dieter; Maiorino, Matilde; Roveri, Antonella; Schuckelt, Rainer; Usani, F

doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(17)37290-3

Cited by 178 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…1). However, the enzymes differ in functional size (GPX being an 85 kDa tetramer and PHGPX a 20 kDa monomer), subcellular distribution, and amino acid sequence (only ϳ30% homology) (89). They also exhibit striking differences in peroxide reactivity.…”

Section: Detoxification Via Two-electron Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid hydroperoxide generation, turnover, and effector action in biological systems

Girotti

1998

Journal of Lipid Research

1,010

198

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Lipid peroxidation is a well known example of oxidative damage in cell membranes, lipoproteins, and other lipid-containing structures. Peroxidative modification of unsaturated phospholipids, glycolipids, and cholesterol can occur in reactions triggered by i ) free radical species such as oxyl radicals, peroxyl radicals, and hydroxyl radicals derived from iron-mediated reduction of hydrogen peroxide or ii ) non-radical species such as singlet oxygen, ozone, and peroxynitrite generated by the reaction of superoxide with nitric oxide. Lipid hydroperoxides (LOOHs) are prominent non-radical intermediates of lipid peroxidation whose identification can often provide valuable mechanistic information, e.g., whether a primary reaction is mediated by singlet oxygen or oxyradicals. Cer tain cholesterolderived hydroperoxides (ChOOHs) have been used ver y effectively in this regard, both in model systems and cells. Being more polar than parent lipids, LOOHs perturb membrane structure/function and can be deleterious to cells on this basis alone. However, LOOHs can also participate in redox reactions, the nature and magnitude of which often determines whether peroxidative injury is exacerbated or prevented. Exacerbation may reflect iron-catalyzed one-electron reduction of LOOHs, resulting in free radicalmediated chain peroxidation, whereas prevention may reflect selenoperoxidase-catalyzed two-electron reduction of LOOHs to relatively non-toxic alcohols. LOOH partitioning between these two pathways in an oxidatively stressed cell is still poorly understood, but recent cell studies involving various ChOOHs have begun to shed light on this important question. An aspect of related interest that is under intensive investigation is lipid peroxidation/LOOHmediated stress signaling, which may evoke a variety of cellular responses, ranging from induction of antioxidant enzymes to apoptotic death. Ongoing exploration of these processes will have important bearing on our understanding of disease states associated with peroxidative stress.-Girotti, A. W. Lipid hydroperoxide generation, turnover, and effector action in biological systems.

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Section: Detoxification Via Two-electron Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Lipid hydroperoxide generation, turnover, and effector action in biological systems

Girotti

1998

Journal of Lipid Research

1,010

198

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“…The spermatozoa underwent ultrasound treatment to rupture their membranes and measure their intracellular antioxidative activity of GPx. The registered activity is probably due to the nuclear (snGPx4) and mitochondrial (mGPx) glutathione peroxidase [26].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…Of all the eight enzymes from the peroxidase family, GPx4 or PHGPx (phospholipid hydroperoxidase) is the most important for male sperm. It exists in three isoforms -cytosolic (cGPx) in every cell, mitochondrial (mGPx), and nuclear in the spermatozoa (snGPx) [26]. The mitochondrial isoform represents 50% of the proteins in the midpiece of a spermatozoon and is important for forming mitochondrial components [20].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glutathione Content and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity of Sperm in Males with Unexplained Infertility

Martinov

Ayvazova

Konova

et al. 2021

Journal of Biomedical and Clinical Research

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Summary The study aimed to investigate glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity and glutathione (GSH) levels in the sperm of patients with unexplained infertility. The sperm samples were collected from subjects with normal semen parameters divided into fertile and infertile groups. Sperm analysis was performed according to the 2010 WHO criteria. Measurement of the GPx activity and GSH were performed by enzymatic assay kits. The higher enzymatic activity recorded in spermatozoa and seminal plasma in the infertile group was close to the significant one – p=0.054 for seminal plasma andp= 0.086 for the spermatozoa.GSH levels were higher in the fertile group in the seminal plasma (p=0.045). Defining the causes of unexplained infertility requires the addition of oxidative stress. In patients with unexplained infertility, the level of glutathione is reduced, and the activity of one of the significant enzyme antioxidants GPx is not changed significantly and even shows a tendency to rise.

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“…Što vi še, me haniz mi ve za nja ko sup stra ta su je din stve ni za kla sič nu vr stu GPX1, no ne dje lu ju kod GPX3 i GPX4 (11) (Sli ka 3). Ana li zom se le nop ro teo ma ka rak te ri zi ra ne su fun kci je i slijed še st glu ta tio n-pe rok si da za (GPX) u si sa va ca: ci to sol ne (cGPX, GPX1), pr vog iden ti fi ci ra nog se le nopro tei na kod si sa va ca (6,15), fos fo li pi d-hid ro pe rok sid ne GPX (PHGPX, GPX4) ko ja je pr vi put opi sa na 1982. go di ne i kas ni je sekven ci ra njem pot vr đe na kao se le nop ro tein (21,22), te druge sek ven ci ra ne plaz mat ske GPX (pGPX, GPX3) (23), gas-…”

Section: Struk Tu Ra Gpxunclassified

“…Mo reo ver, co sub stra te bin di ng mec ha nis ms are unique for the clas si cal type of GPX1 but can not ope ra te in GPX3 and GPX4 (11) (Fi gu re 3). Ana lysis of se le nop ro teo me cha rac te ri zed the fun ctio ns and sequen ce of 6 glu tat hio ne pe roxi da ses (GPXs) in mamma ls: cyto so lic GPX (cGPX, GPX1), the fi r st iden ti fi ed mamma lian se le nop ro tein (6,15), phos pho li pid hydro pe roxi de GPX (PHGPX, GPX4) whi ch was fi r st des cri bed in 1982 and la ter ve ri fi ed as se le nop ro tein by sequen ci ng (21,22), and ot her sequen ced plas ma GPX (pGPX, GPX3)( 23), gas trointes ti nal GPX (GI-GPX, GPX2)( 24) and, in hu ma ns, GPX6 whi ch is res tric ted to the ol fac to ry system (19).…”

Section: Glu Ta Tion I Se Len Su Zna čAj Ni U Me Ha Niz Mi Ma An Tiok Si Da Cij Ske Zaš Ti Te Po Ve Za Ni Ma S Gpxmentioning

confidence: 99%

Molecular impact of glutathione peroxidases in antioxidant processes

2008

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Reak tiv ni ra di ka li ki si ka (ROS) stva ra ju se ti je kom raz li či tih pa to loš kih pro ce sa u po ve ća nim kon cen tra ci ja ma. Oni su uz rok pe rok si da ci je li pi da i ok si da ci je DNA i pro tei na zbog svo je vi so ke ke mij ske reak tiv nos ti. Me đu tim, me ha niz mi an tiok si da cij ske zaš ti te, uk lju ču ju ći raz li či te an tiok si da cij ske en zi me, spr ječa va ju oš te će nja tki va i dru ge kom pli ka ci je po ve za ne s ROS. Ovaj je preg led us re do to čen na učin ke raz li či tih glu ta tio n-pe rok si da za (GPX) na mo le ku larnu kon tro lu tok si ko loš kog dje lo va nja reak tiv nih ki si ko vih ra di ka la. Na da lje, opi su ju se spe ci fi č na bio ke mij ska svoj stva, sin te za i ulo ga sva kog izoen zi ma glu ta tio n-pe rok si da ze u bio loš kim pro ce si ma. Ma le mo le ku le ko je dje lu ju kao opo na ša te lji ak tiv nog mjes ta glu ta tio n-pe rok si da za mog le bi pos ta ti no vo sred stvo u li je če nju mno gih obo lje nja. Ključ ne ri je či: an tiok si da cij ski pro ces, glu ta tio n-pe rok si da za, mo tiv SECIS, glu ta tion, se len, izoen zi mi Ab stra ctReac ti ve oxygen spe cies (ROS) are pro du ced du ri ng diff e re nt pat ho lo gi cal pro ces ses in in crea sed con cen tra tio ns. They cau se li pid pe roxi da tion and oxida tion of DNA and pro tei ns due to their hi gh che mi cal reac ti vi ty. Howe ver, an tioxi da ti ve de fen se mec ha nis ms, in clu di ng diff e re nt an tioxi da nt en zymes, pre ve nt tis sue da ma ges and ot her RO S-re la ted com pli ca tio ns. The fo cus of this re view is on eff ec ts of diff e re nt glu tat hio ne pe roxi da ses (GPXs) on mole cu lar con trol of reac ti ve oxygen spe cies toxi co lo gy. Fur ther mo re, spe ci fi c bioc he mi cal pro per ties, synthe sis and ro le of ea ch glu tat hio ne pe roxi da se isoen zyme in bio lo gi cal pro ces ses are des cri bed. Sma ll mo le cu les ac ti ng as mi me ti cs of the ac ti ve si te of glu tat hio ne pe roxi da ses cou ld be co me new tools for treat me nt of ma ny di sea ses. Key wor ds: an tioxi da nt pro ce ss, glu tat hio ne pe roxi da se, SECIS mo tif, glu tathio ne, se le nium, isoen zymes Mo le ku lar ni ut je caj glu ta tio n-pe rok si da za u an tiok si da cij skim pro ce si ma Mo le cu lar im pa ct of glu tat hio ne pe roxi da ses in an tioxi da nt pro ces ses Si mo na Jur ko vič 1 , Joško Os red kar 1 , Ja nja Ma rc 2 1 Kli nič ki za vod za ke mi ju i bio ke mi ju, Sveu či lišni me di cin ski cen tar "Ljub lja na", Ljub lja na, Slo ve nia 1 Cli ni cal In sti tu te of Cli ni cal Che mis try and Bioc he mis try, Uni ver si ty Me di cal Cen tre Ljub lja na, Ljub lja na, Slo ve nia 2 Far ma ceut ski fa kul tet Sveu či liš ta u Ljub lja ni, Ljub lja na, Slo ve nia 2 Fa cul ty of Phar ma cy, Uni ver si ty of Ljub lja na, Ljub lja na, Slo ve nia

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Phospholipid-hydroperoxide glutathione peroxidase. Genomic DNA, cDNA, and deduced amino acid sequence.

Cited by 178 publications

References 42 publications

Lipid hydroperoxide generation, turnover, and effector action in biological systems

Lipid hydroperoxide generation, turnover, and effector action in biological systems

Glutathione Content and Glutathione Peroxidase Activity of Sperm in Males with Unexplained Infertility

Molecular impact of glutathione peroxidases in antioxidant processes

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