Molecular impact of glutathione peroxidases in antioxidant processes

Abstract

Reak tiv ni ra di ka li ki si ka (ROS) stva ra ju se ti je kom raz li či tih pa to loš kih pro ce sa u po ve ća nim kon cen tra ci ja ma. Oni su uz rok pe rok si da ci je li pi da i ok si da ci je DNA i pro tei na zbog svo je vi so ke ke mij ske reak tiv nos ti. Me đu tim, me ha niz mi an tiok si da cij ske zaš ti te, uk lju ču ju ći raz li či te an tiok si da cij ske en zi me, spr ječa va ju oš te će nja tki va i dru ge kom pli ka ci je po ve za ne s ROS. Ovaj je preg led us re do to čen na učin ke raz li či tih glu ta tio n-pe rok si da za (GPX) na mo le ku larnu kon tro lu tok si ko loš kog dje lo va nja reak tiv nih ki si ko vih ra di ka la. Na da lje, opi su ju se spe ci fi č na bio ke mij ska svoj stva, sin te za i ulo ga sva kog izoen zi ma glu ta tio n-pe rok si da ze u bio loš kim pro ce si ma. Ma le mo le ku le ko je dje lu ju kao opo na ša te lji ak tiv nog mjes ta glu ta tio n-pe rok si da za mog le bi pos ta ti no vo sred stvo u li je če nju mno gih obo lje nja. Ključ ne ri je či: an tiok si da cij ski pro ces, glu ta tio n-pe rok si da za, mo tiv SECIS, glu ta tion, se len, izoen zi mi Ab stra ctReac ti ve oxygen spe cies (ROS) are pro du ced du ri ng diff e re nt pat ho lo gi cal pro ces ses in in crea sed con cen tra tio ns. They cau se li pid pe roxi da tion and oxida tion of DNA and pro tei ns due to their hi gh che mi cal reac ti vi ty. Howe ver, an tioxi da ti ve de fen se mec ha nis ms, in clu di ng diff e re nt an tioxi da nt en zymes, pre ve nt tis sue da ma ges and ot her RO S-re la ted com pli ca tio ns. The fo cus of this re view is on eff ec ts of diff e re nt glu tat hio ne pe roxi da ses (GPXs) on mole cu lar con trol of reac ti ve oxygen spe cies toxi co lo gy. Fur ther mo re, spe ci fi c bioc he mi cal pro per ties, synthe sis and ro le of ea ch glu tat hio ne pe roxi da se isoen zyme in bio lo gi cal pro ces ses are des cri bed. Sma ll mo le cu les ac ti ng as mi me ti cs of the ac ti ve si te of glu tat hio ne pe roxi da ses cou ld be co me new tools for treat me nt of ma ny di sea ses. Key wor ds: an tioxi da nt pro ce ss, glu tat hio ne pe roxi da se, SECIS mo tif, glu tathio ne, se le nium, isoen zymes Mo le ku lar ni ut je caj glu ta tio n-pe rok si da za u an tiok si da cij skim pro ce si ma Mo le cu lar im pa ct of glu tat hio ne pe roxi da ses in an tioxi da nt pro ces ses Si mo na Jur ko vič 1 , Joško Os red kar 1 , Ja nja Ma rc 2 1 Kli nič ki za vod za ke mi ju i bio ke mi ju, Sveu či lišni me di cin ski cen tar "Ljub lja na", Ljub lja na, Slo ve nia 1 Cli ni cal In sti tu te of Cli ni cal Che mis try and Bioc he mis try, Uni ver si ty Me di cal Cen tre Ljub lja na, Ljub lja na, Slo ve nia 2 Far ma ceut ski fa kul tet Sveu či liš ta u Ljub lja ni, Ljub lja na, Slo ve nia 2 Fa cul ty of Phar ma cy, Uni ver si ty of Ljub lja na, Ljub lja na, Slo ve nia

The Antioxidant EnzymeGPX1Gene Polymorphisms Are Associated with Low BMD and Increased Bone Turnover Markers

“…Since osteoporosis is an age related disease, in which excess production of reactive oxygen species and de-crease of non-enzymatic and enzymatic defences to oxidative stress occur [1,42], we hypothesised that genetic variability in these genes has an important influence on the development of osteoporosis.…”

“…For this purpose we studied GPX1 gene that codes for an antioxidant enzyme, which is involved in the degradation of peroxides and hydroperoxides and therefore contributes significantly to oxidative stress in normal cells [42]. Individuals with reduced GPX1 activity have a significantly increased incidence of oxidative stress-related diseases, such as breast, colon, bladder and lung cancer and coronary artery disease [27][28][29].…”

Effects of the dexmedetomidine, midazolam, butorphanol, and atropine combination on plasma oxidative status and cardiorespiratory parameters in raccoon dogs (Nyctereutes procyonoides)

“…The main enzymes that control the biological effects of reactive oxygen species are superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and glutathione peroxidase (GPX). SOD catalyses the dismutation of superoxide anions into H 2 O 2 , while glutathione peroxidase (GPX) detoxifies H 2 O 2 and lipid peroxides (Zelko et al 2002;Jurkovic et al 2008). Catalase (CAT) acts in the decomposition of hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ) to water and oxygen.…”

Antioxidant enzymes GSR, SOD1, SOD2, and CAT gene variants and bone mineral density values in postmenopausal women

“…GPX is also capable of eliminating H 2 O 2 by converting it into water and molecular oxygen. The glutathione redox cycle is a major source of protection against mild oxidative stress, whereas CAT becomes increasingly important in protection against severe oxidative stress, 45 which is the component of the pathologic inner cell processes resulting in many diseases such as osteoporosis. A recent study performed in our laboratory showed new evidence for a strong association between GPX1 gene polymorphisms, PolyAla region and Pro198Leu, and BMD values, as well as biochemical turnover markers.…”