Phlorotannin and its Derivatives, a Potential Antiviral Molecule from Brown Seaweeds, an Overview

Abstract

Research on seaweeds provides a continual discovery of natural bioactive compounds. The review presents new information on studies of the potential and specific antiviral action of phlorotannin and their derivatives from marine brown algae. Phlorotannin is a polyphenolic derivative and a secondary metabolite from marine brown algae which exhibits a high quality of biological properties. Phlorotannin has a variety of biological activities that include antioxidant, anticancer, antiviral, anti-diabetic, anti-allergic, antibacterial, antihypertensive and immune modulating activities. These phlorotannin properties were revealed by various biochemical and cell-based assays in vitro. This distinctive polyphenol from the marine brown algae may be a potential pharmaceutical and nutraceutical compound. In this review, the extraction, quantification, characterization, purification, and biological applications of phlorotannin are discussed, and antiviral potential is described in detail.

Optimization of Extraction of Phlorotannins from the Arctic Fucus vesiculosus Using Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents and Their HPLC Profiling with Tandem High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry

“…Along with this, spectrum 10 shows no losses of phloroglucinol caused by breaking the ether bond, and the observed losses of 124 and 166 Da are apparently associated with breaks of aryl bonds and bonds in benzene rings [52,59]. The spectra of the other three hexamers (11)(12)(13) show a similar fragmentation pattern, resembling the spectra of the above-described fucophlorethols (6)(7)(8)(9) with a difference of one PGU, and, taking into account the literature data [60], may be isomers of fucotetraphlorethol.…”

“…For the remaining pentamers (6-9), one to three PGU or their derivatives are already lost, including in combination with water. Thus, pentamers (6)(7)(8)(9) were tentatively assigned to fucotriphlorethol isomers. This identification is in line with the literature data [60,61].…”

“…The biological activities of phlorotannins from marine brown seaweeds have been explored extensively [ 6 ]. Antiviral [ 7 ], anti-bacterial [ 8 ], antioxidant [ 9 ], anticancer [ 10 ], anti-inflammatory [ 11 ], neuroprotective [ 12 ], UV-protective [ 13 ], etc. activities have been reported for seaweed phlorotannins.…”

From Nature to Innovation: The Uncharted Potential of Natural Deep Eutectic Solvents

“…Phlorotannins (TPhCs) belong to the class of polyphenolic compounds and are secondary metabolites produced mainly by brown seaweeds (Phaeophyceae). They have diverse bioactivities, such as antiviral [121], anti-bacterial [122], antioxidant [123], anticancer [124], anti-inflammatory [125], neuroprotective [126] and UV-protective [127]. Due to their antimicrobial and antioxidant properties, phlorotannins are used in food packaging films as preservatives [128].…”

Edible Seaweeds Extracts: Characterization and Functional Properties for Health Conditions

“…The main bioactive compounds reported for Aramé are phenolic compounds, and polysaccharides [ 13 , 14 ]. The most abundant phenolic compounds are phlorotannins (eckol and other phloroglucinol derivatives), which were reported to have various biological activities, namely anti-diabetic and antioxidant activities [ 15 ]. The most abundant polysaccharides seen to be present in Aramé were fucoidan and laminarin [ 14 ].…”