Phenotypic identification, nutrients content, bioactive compounds of two jengkol (Archidendron jiringa) varieties from Bengkulu, Indonesia and their potentials as ruminant feed

Abstract

Abstract. Hidayah N, Lubis R, Wiryawan KG, Suharti S. 2019. Phenotypic identification, nutrients content, bioactive compounds of two jengkol (Archidendron jiringa) varieties from Bengkulu, Indonesia and their potentials as ruminant feed. Biodiversitas 20: 1671-1680. Agricultural waste is abundant in tropical countries. Many farmers in these countries have been using this waste as the main sources for feeding livestock. Ones of them are jengkol (Archidendron jiringa) by-product like peels and leaves have not been utilized optimally. The aims of this study were to explore the peel and leaves of two varieties of jengkol, i.e., jengkol gajah and jengkol padi, from Bengkulu Province and to assess their potentials as ruminant feed. Variables observed were phenotypic identification, nutrients content, and bioactive compounds. Phenotypic identification was completed using non-experimental examination through survey and observation methods to identify the phenotypic characters of jengkol in four districts in Bengkulu. The peel of jengkol padi had a blackish purple color and was thicker than that of jengkol gajah. The leaves of jengkol gajah was longer (10.2-15.5 cm), but jengkol padi had wider leaves (6-7.5 cm). The proportion of weight of jengkol peel (59.99%) is higher than seed (40.01%). Jengkol peel had high fiber content (33.07-35.28%) while the leaves were rich in protein and total digestible nutrient (TDN) (15.17-19.26% and 63.87-65.82%). In nutrient content comparison, the peel of jengkol padi was better (crude protein (CP:8.41%, ether extract (EE):0.79%, crude fiber (CF): 35.28% and total digestible nutrient (TDN): 52.81% but jengkol gajah had better nutrient in its leaves (CP:19.26%, EE:2.50%, CF:26.66% and TDN:51.56%).The saponin content (26.52%), total phenol (2.99%), and tannin (1.22%) in the peel were higher than those in the leaves, while the leaves had higher flavonoids content (2.0%) than the peels. Bioactive compounds in jengkol gajah were higher than those in jengkol padi. Based on this study, both jengkol gajah and jengkol padi are potential as ruminant feed in which the peel can be a source of fiber and saponins, while the leaves are potentially used as a source of protein, fiber and saponins.

WITHDRAWN: Supplementation With Purple Corn Anthocyanin Improves Growth Performance, Meat Quality, Muscle Antioxidant Status and Unsaturated Fatty Acid Profiles in Growing Goat

“…The UFA could enhance lipid oxidation due to presence of unsaturated bonds and FR [55]. Anthocyanins had hydroxyl groups in the aromatic ring, which can provide extra hydrogen or electron donors and eliminate excessive FR in the body, maintaining PUFA concentration [56]. Buffa et al [57] who demonstrated that phenolic-rich grape marc could improve antioxidant status and decline MDA concentration, as well as increase milk C18:2n-6 level of dairy ewes.…”

Ekstraksi Senyawa Bioaktif Kulit Jengkol (Archidendron jiringa) dengan Konsentrasi Pelarut Metanol Berbeda sebagai Pakan Tambahan Ternak Ruminansia

“…Produksi jengkol di Jawa Tengah menempati posisi ke-3 setelah provinsi Lampung, dengan produksi sebanyak 11.127 ton (BPS, 2019). Kulit jengkol memiliki kandungan berbagai senyawa bioaktif seperti tanin, saponin, flavonoid, dan total fenol (Hidayah et al 2019). Buah jengkol terdiri dari dua bagian yaitu kulit jengkol dan biji jengkol.…”

Efek suplementasi tepung kulit jengkol pada pelepah sawit fermentasi terhadap profil mikroba rumen dan produksi gas metan in vitro

“…Kulit jengkol merupakan salah satu byproduk tanaman pangan yang tidak termanfaatkan dan hanya menjadi sampah sehingga dapat mencemari lingkungan. Hidayah et al [5] melaporkan bahwa kulit jengkol baik dari segi kuantitas dan kualitasnya berpotensi digunakan sebagai bahan supementasi pakan ternak. Proporsi kulit jengkol sebesar 59,99%, sedangkan proporsi bijinya hanya sebesar 40,01%.…”

“…Hasil yang sama juga dilaporkan oleh Anantasook et al [23] bahwa suplementasi senyawa bioaktif dari Terminalia chebula Retz (8,4% tanin terkondensasi dan 9,9% saponin) pada dosis 12 mg secara in vitro menurunkan produksi metan sampai 60.9%. Jadhav et al [24] melaporkan bahwa suplementasi biji teh (0,8; 0,9 dan 1,0% dari konsentrat) menurunkan populasi protozoa (54,6; 57,2; dan 60,6%) dan produksi gas metan (29,0; 33;0 dan 36,0%) secara berurutan pada rasio hijauan dan konsentrat yang berbeda (rendah, medium dan tinggi hijauan) Kulit jengkol mengandung serat kasar sebesar 26,91% dan menurut hasil penelitian Hidayah et al [5] kandungan ligninnya sebesar 15,48-17,85%. Chaves et al [10] menyatakan bahwa kualitas pakan berpengaruh terhadap produksi gas metan (CH4) pada kajian in vitro dimana rendahnya konsentrasi karbohidrat yang tidak berserat pada legume dan hijauan berkontribusi terhadap tingginya produksi gas metan per gram bahan kering yang dikonsumsi.…”