This experiment was designed to evaluate the effects of protected vegetable oils supplementation on in vitro fermentation characteristics, rumen microbial population, and methane production in cattle. The treatments were arranged in a complete randomized block design involving 2 factors i.e. oil type (sesame, canola, and flaxseed) and protection methods (non protected, calcium soap, and microencapsulation). Variables observed were rumen pH, N-NH 3 , total and molar proportion of VFA, dry matter and organic matter digestibility, population of protozoa and total bacteria, methane production, and hydrogen balance. Data were tested using Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and the differences among treatments means were examined by Duncan Multiple Range Test. The oil type did not affect all variables measured. The protection method using microencapsulation significantly increased N-NH 3 concentration. There was an interaction between oil type and protection method on total VFA concentration, molar proportion of VFA, and methane production. The supplementation of calcium soap-flaxseed oil significantly increased total VFA production, while the supplementation of microencapsulated flaxseed oil had the highest propionate concentration and H 2 utilization, the lowest A:P ratio, and methane production. It is concluded that microencapsulated flaxseed oil was the best treatment to optimize rumen fermentation.
Abstract. Hidayah N, Lubis R, Wiryawan KG, Suharti S. 2019. Phenotypic identification, nutrients content, bioactive compounds of two jengkol (Archidendron jiringa) varieties from Bengkulu, Indonesia and their potentials as ruminant feed. Biodiversitas 20: 1671-1680. Agricultural waste is abundant in tropical countries. Many farmers in these countries have been using this waste as the main sources for feeding livestock. Ones of them are jengkol (Archidendron jiringa) by-product like peels and leaves have not been utilized optimally. The aims of this study were to explore the peel and leaves of two varieties of jengkol, i.e., jengkol gajah and jengkol padi, from Bengkulu Province and to assess their potentials as ruminant feed. Variables observed were phenotypic identification, nutrients content, and bioactive compounds. Phenotypic identification was completed using non-experimental examination through survey and observation methods to identify the phenotypic characters of jengkol in four districts in Bengkulu. The peel of jengkol padi had a blackish purple color and was thicker than that of jengkol gajah. The leaves of jengkol gajah was longer (10.2-15.5 cm), but jengkol padi had wider leaves (6-7.5 cm). The proportion of weight of jengkol peel (59.99%) is higher than seed (40.01%). Jengkol peel had high fiber content (33.07-35.28%) while the leaves were rich in protein and total digestible nutrient (TDN) (15.17-19.26% and 63.87-65.82%). In nutrient content comparison, the peel of jengkol padi was better (crude protein (CP:8.41%, ether extract (EE):0.79%, crude fiber (CF): 35.28% and total digestible nutrient (TDN): 52.81% but jengkol gajah had better nutrient in its leaves (CP:19.26%, EE:2.50%, CF:26.66% and TDN:51.56%).The saponin content (26.52%), total phenol (2.99%), and tannin (1.22%) in the peel were higher than those in the leaves, while the leaves had higher flavonoids content (2.0%) than the peels. Bioactive compounds in jengkol gajah were higher than those in jengkol padi. Based on this study, both jengkol gajah and jengkol padi are potential as ruminant feed in which the peel can be a source of fiber and saponins, while the leaves are potentially used as a source of protein, fiber and saponins.
Empty oil palm bunches are the largest solid waste produced from the palm oil industry processing. In processing 1 ton of fresh palm oil bunches, 230 Kg of empty palm oil bunches will be produced. Based on previous research, it is known that oil palm empty fruit bunches waste is proven to have a large amount of organic mass such as cellulose, hemicellulose, lignin. Organic content as mentioned is rich in benefits so that it can be used as raw material for making daily needs products ranging from food to complementary products such as household appliances, clothing and so on. For this reason, a study was conducted on the content of oil palm empty bunches originating from waste at PT. Kharisma Alam Persada. The characterization process was carried out using the SNI method 0128911992. From the research carried out it was found that the cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content were 55.75%; 28.93% and 15.32% respectively. So that it is possible to be used as raw material for processing other products.
The objectives of the study were to know the morphological variation of salak-plants (Salacca zalacca (Gaert.) Voss. and their relationship. The study was conducted in May to April 2000, at Turi and Pakem of Sleman district, Yogyakarta. Samples were randomly taken, 5 plants of each variety were studied their morphological characters such as stem, leaf, flower and fruit. The data collected were then analyzed descriptive comparatively and their relationships were then determined. The result of the study indicate that there were at least 8 varieties of salak at Sleman district, green-, black-, yellow-, manggala-, red-yellow-, golden-, red-, and red-black pondoh. Morphological differences among varieties were markedly different. The closest relationship was found between variety of red-black-and black pondoh, while the farthest relationship among the varieties was manggala pondoh.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.