Phenology of Flowering and Pod Maturity on  Some Cocoa Clones (Theobroma cacao L)

Sari, Indah Anita; Susilo, Agung Wahyu

doi:10.22302/iccri.jur.pelitaperkebunan.v31i2.79

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 3 publications

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“…VSD disease is widespread in almost all cacao production centers in Indonesia considerable losses because it causes plant death [5,6]. The VSD disease can reduce yields by 30%-45% [7]. The promising method technology to control for controlling VSD disease that is quite effective by currently is utilizing secondary metabolites of Trichoderma spp [8,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Trichoderma spp. secondary metabolites formulation in controlling vascular streak dieback of cacao

Harni,

Lakani,

Puspitasari

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Vascular-streak dieback (VSD) is the main disease of the cacao plant caused by Ceratobasidium theobromae. The VSD disease can potentially reduce cacao yields by up to 45%. VSD control using secondary metabolites of Trichoderma spp. can suppress the disease incidence in the field. The research aimed to study the effectiveness of secondary metabolites of Trichoderma spp. in controlling VSD diseases in field conditions. This research performed in cacao fields owned by a farmer in Rahmat Village, Palolo Subdistrict, Sigi Regency, Central Sulawesi, Indonesia, that were infested by VSD. Treatments were applied using a randomized block design and replicated 5 times with 10 plants of each. The formulations used in the treatment were; liquid of T. virens, liquid of T. amazonicum, powder of T. virens, powder of T. amazonicum, granulates T. virens, granulates T. amazonicum, chemical fungicide (as a comparison), and control. The liquid formula formulated with molasses as carrier material, the granulate formula used zeolite, compost, and peat, whereas the powder formula used lactose. The liquid formula was applied through root infusion, granulated formula was sprinkled around the rooting area, and the powder by spraying on all parts of the plants. The observation was about the infection symptom, disease incidence, and cacao production/yield. The result showed that T. virens and T. amazonicum secondary metabolites can suppress the disease incidence of VSD by 8.61–19.50% and improve cacao production by 12.19-37.01%. The most effective formulation suppressing the disease’s incidence is a liquid formula applied through root infusion.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effectiveness of Trichoderma spp. secondary metabolites formulation in controlling vascular streak dieback of cacao

Harni,

Lakani,

Puspitasari

et al. 2023

IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci.

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Incidence Dynamic of Pod Rot Disease of Cocoa Clones in Lampung, Indonesia

Evizal

Sugiatno

Ivayani

et al. 2019

JURNAL HAMA DAN PENYAKIT TUMBUHAN TROPIKA

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Incidence dynamic of pod rot disease of cocoa clones in Lampung, Indonesia. The declining of production and productivity of cocoa in Indonesia might due to pests and diseases attacks and planting unselected clones. Dynamic of pod rot incidence was important to plan pest controlling. To study dynamic incidence of some cocoa clones, a research was conducting in Pesawaran District, a centre of cocoa production in Lampung. A farmer cocoa plot under agro-forestry system was selected which had been upgrading in 2014 by pruning and side-grafting with national clones including Sul 1, MCC 1, MCC 2, ICCRI 7 and selected local clone named T1, T2, and T3. The results showed that pod rot incidence occurred along the year of observation. For immature pod, pod rot incidence was dynamic and varied among observerd months and clones. There was high pod rot incidence every months for particular clone. National clone Sul1 and local clone T3 exhibited more tolerant to pod rot disease than other clones. Clones Sul1 and T3 also produced more pod than others. High incidence of pod rot occurred on fruit stage of cherelle (incidence 38.7%) and small pod (incidence 18.8%) that well known as cherelle wilt symptom. ABSTRAKKeterjadian penyakit busuk buah kakao pada klon kakao di Lampung, Indonesia. Penurunan produksi dan produktivitas kakao Indonesia antara lain disebabkan oleh serangan hama dan penyakit serta penanaman bibit nonklonal asalan. Dinamika keterjadian penyakit busuk buah penting untuk perencanaan pengendalian. Untuk mempelajari dinamika keterjadian busuk buah pada beberapa klon kakao, dilakukan observasi pada plot kebun kakao di Kabupaten Pesawaran yang merupakan sentra produksi kakao di Lampung. Plot tersebut merupakan sistem kakao agroforest yang telah direhabilitasi pada tahun 2014 dengan cara dipangkas dan disambung samping menggunakan klon nasional Sul 1, MCC 1, MCC 2, ICCRI 7 dan klon lokal T1, T2, dan T3. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa keterjadian busuk buah ditemukan sepanjang tahun. Pada buah yang belum matang, keterjadian busuk buah bersifat dinamis bergantung dari bulan pengamatan dan klon dimana setiap bulan selalu terdapat keterjadian busuk buah yang tinggi pada klon tertentu. Klon nasional Sul1 dan klon lokal T3 menunjukkan lebih toleran terhadap penyakit busuk buah dan menghasilkan lebih banyak buah daripada klon lainnya. Keterjadian busuk buah yang tinggi ditemukan pada fase buah sangat kecil (cherelle) dengan keterjadian 38,7% dan buah kecil dengan keterjadian 18,8% yang dikenal dengan gejala Cherelle wilt.Kata kunci: busuk buah, cherelle, kakao, keterjadian, klon lokal, toleran

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Cocoa Production Stability in Relation to Changing Rainfall and Temperature in East Java, Indonesia

Santosa¹,

Sakti²,

Fattah³

et al. 2018

JTCS

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Climate change as indicated by rising temperature and changing rainfall pattern has been known to affect cacao production in many production countries. However, studies on the effects of rainfall and temperature variability on the cacao production are rarely reported in Indonesia. Hence, the objective of this study is to evaluate the stability of cocoa production in relation to rainfall and temperature variability in order to develop sustainable production under climate change scenario. Research was conducted at a state owned company in Jember District, East Java, Indonesia from February to June 2015. Production and climatic data of 2010-2015 were evaluated using simple regression and correlation analysis. Results revealed that productivity fluctuated among months and among years. However, the fluctuation among months (s2 = 117.076) was lower than among years (s2 = 311.225). Rainfall and temperature showed variability among months and among years; and the fluctuation among months was lower in both rainfall and temperature. Rainfall at one to four months before harvest correlated with production (r=0.400-0.671; P= 0.000 to 0.001) and temperature at two to four months before harvest determined cocoa production (r=0.371-0.412; P=0.001-0.003). High monthly cocoa production coincided with decreasing temperature and rainfall for 4 to 5 months during pod development. The presented study implies that both short and long term strategies should be implemented under climatic variability to sustain cocoa production. It is recommended to apply production technology to stabilize micro climate temperature and to minimize the impact of high rainfall such as shade plant and canopy manipulation.

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Phenology of Flowering and Pod Maturity on Some Cocoa Clones (Theobroma cacao L)

Cited by 3 publications

References 3 publications

Effectiveness of Trichoderma spp. secondary metabolites formulation in controlling vascular streak dieback of cacao

Effectiveness of Trichoderma spp. secondary metabolites formulation in controlling vascular streak dieback of cacao

Incidence Dynamic of Pod Rot Disease of Cocoa Clones in Lampung, Indonesia

Cocoa Production Stability in Relation to Changing Rainfall and Temperature in East Java, Indonesia

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