Phenology and Yield of the ‘Roxo De Valinhos’ Fig Cultivar in Western Potiguar

Abstract

-The 'Roxo de Valinhos' fig is one of the most widely grown varieties in the world, however, there are still few studies on the phenology and yield of fig trees, especially in semi-arid regions. This study evaluated the phenology and yield aspects of the 'Roxo de Valinhos' fig cultivar in Western Potiguar. The experiment was carried out from July to December 2015 in the didactic orchard of the Federal Rural University of the Semi-Arid, UFERSA. The following phenological aspects were analyzed: pruning at the beginning of budding, emergence and maturity of the first fruit, beginning of harvest, length and diameter of branches, number of fruits per branch, length and diameter of fruits, absolute growth rate, yield per plant, number of fruits per plant, and fruit weight. We used descriptive statistics; for quantitative and qualitative characteristics, we used regression analysis and means test, through Tukey´s test at 5% probability. FENOLOGIA E PRODUÇÃO DA FIGUEIRA CV. ROXO DE VALINHOS NO OESTE POTIGUARRESUMO -A figueira 'Roxo de Valinhos' é uma das variedades mais cultivadas no mundo, no entanto, ainda existem poucos estudos sobre a fenologia e produção de figueiras, especialmente em regiões semi-áridas. Este estudo avaliou os aspectos fenológicos e produtivos da cultivar de figueira 'Roxo de Valinhos' no Oeste Potiguar. O experimento foi realizado de julho a dezembro de 2015 no pomar didático da Universidade Federal Rural do Semi-Árido, UFERSA. Os seguintes aspectos fenológicos foram analisados: poda do início ao brotamento, emergência e maturação do primeiro fruto, início da colheita, comprimento e diâmetro dos ramos, número de frutos por ramo, comprimento e diâmetro dos frutos, taxa de crescimento absoluto, rendimento por planta, número de frutos por planta e peso do fruto. Utilizamos estatística descritiva; Para as características quantitativas e qualitativas, utilizou-se análise de regressão e teste de médias, através do teste de Tukey a 5% de probabilidade. As figueiras mostraram boa adaptabilidade às regiões semi-áridas e precocidade quando comparadas às figueiras das regiões temperadas, em todos os estádios fenológicos; A cultivar estudada apresentou resultados promissores para o cultivo nesta região. Palavras-chave:Ficus carica L.. Taxa de crescimento. Desenvolvimento de frutos.

Phenology and vegetative growth of the fig tree cv “Roxo de Valinhos” under a drastic pruning system

“…It were used 46 plants of fig tree cv "Roxo de Valinhos" 1 year old spaced 2 × 1.5 m. The first pruning was performed when the plants were 7-month old, pruning the apex of the main branch to 50 cm of the soil, and leading with three structural branches throughout the vegetative cycle, leading the branches with 40-cm long, for the development of branches of new production (Silva et al, 2017).…”

“…Fig tree is characterized by dormancy during winter, the period in which plants restrict or cease their growth allowing their survival to hydric stress and low temperatures (Celedonio et al, 2013;Freitas et al, 2015;Silva et al, 2017). However, dormancy induced by hibernal cold can be broken by reduced vegetative activity from a drastic pruning being able to anticipate the fruit production and harvest (Micheloud et al, 2018).…”

“…Fig tree is characterized by dormancy during winter, the period in which plants restrict or cease their growth allowing their survival to hydric stress and low temperatures (Celedonio et al, 2013;Freitas et al, 2015;Silva et al, 2017). However, dormancy induced by hibernal cold can be broken by reduced vegetative activity from a drastic pruning (Micheloud et al, 2018), with complete elimination of the canopy formed in the previous cycle, stimulating the growth of the meristematic and cambial cells (Taiz et al, 2017), and consequently promoting the formation of new branches of production (Silva et al, 2017).…”

Photosynthetic characteristics in fig tree accessions for diversification of production

“…In Brazil, the fig market is largely supported by the 'Roxo de Valinhos' accession. This domination in the domestic market is probably due to its being considered a hardy cultivar of high vigour (SILVA et al, 2010;SOUZA et al, 2014;COSTA et al, 2015), in addition to its good adaptability to semi-arid conditions, showing greater precocity when compared to the figs of temperate regions (SILVA et al, 2017). Research shows that the fig tree performs extremely well in the northeast of Brazil (FREITAS et al, 2015).…”

“…No Brasil, o comércio de figo é em grande parte sustentado pelo acesso Roxo de Valinhos. Provavelmente, esse domínio do mercado interno é devido ao fato de ser considerada uma cultivar com alto vigor e rusticidade (SILVA et al, 2010;SOUZA et al, 2014;COSTA et al, 2015), além da boa adaptabilidade às condições semiáridas, apresentando maior precocidade quando comparadas às figueiras de regiões temperadas (SILVA et al,2017). Pesquisas mostram que a figueira tem desempenho excelente no Nordeste brasileiro (FREITAS et al, 2015).…”