Aims: This investigation aimed to isolate enteric rods from subgingival sites of patients presenting chronic periodontitis lesions, and to assess antimicrobial resistance and expression of hydrolytic enzymes. Methods and Results: Enterobacteriaceae were isolated from 20% patients, and assayed for antimicrobial susceptibility and hydrolytic enzymes with specificity to different substrates. Isolates comprised seven Enterobacter cloacae (43·75%), five Serratia marcescens (31·25%), one Klebsiella pneumoniae (6·25%), one Enterobacter aerogenes (6·25%), one Pantoea agglomerans (6·25%), and one Citrobacter freundii (6·25%). Gelatinase activity was observed for 75% strains; caseinase and elastase was produced by six and two strains, respectively. DNase, lecithinase and lipase were expressed by S. marcescens. Most of strains were resistant to ampicillin (93·75%) and amoxicillin/clavulanic acid (81·25%). The majority of strains were susceptible to cephalosporins and aztreonam. Enterobacteria remained susceptible to imipenem, streptomycin and fluoroquinolones. Resistance to gentamicin, amikacin, sulfamethoxazole/thrimethoprim, tetracycline, and chloramphenicol were also observed. Eight strains presented multiple drug resistance. Conclusions: Subgingival sites from periodontal diseases contain multi‐resistant and hydrolytic enzyme‐producing enterobacteria that may contribute to overall tissue destruction and spreading. Significance and Impact of the Study: Enterobacteria isolated from patients generally considered as healthy individuals poses periodontal diseases as reservoir for systemic infections particularly in immunocompromised and hospitalized hosts.
RESUMO -A maioria dos plantios de bananeira ainda é realizada utilizando mudas tradicionais, mas outros métodos de propagação, como a micropropagação in vitro, vêm sendo desenvolvidos e aperfeiçoados, para elevar a taxa de multiplicação em curto espaço de tempo e melhorar a qualidade da produção de mudas. Contudo, a contaminação é um dos maiores problemas desta técnica. Este trabalho teve por objetivo avaliar a eficiência da descontaminação de explantes de bananeira com o uso de diferentes concentrações de cloro ativo durante a assepsia do explante. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado e constituído de cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições, sendo cada repetição representada por 5 explantes em diferentes concentrações de cloro ativo, sendo: T1 (testemunha, sem cloro ativo); T2 (0,5%); T3 (1,0%); T4 (1,5%), e T5 (2%). Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância, e as médias, comparadas pelo teste de Tukey, a 5% de probabilidade. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a maior eficiência dentre os tratamentos testados foi a imersão dos explantes em hipoclorito de sódio com 2% de cloro ativo, sendo as doses testadas não tóxicas aos explantes, permitindo o desenvolvimento normal dos mesmos, concluindo assim que essa concentração possa ser utilizada para o controle de contaminações para micropropagação de bananeira cv. Grande Naine. Termos para indexação: cultura de tecidos de plantas, cloro ativo, Musa sp. DISINFESTATION AND ESTABLISHMENT OF IN VITRO EXPLANTS OF BANANA 'GRANDE NAINE' IN DIFFERENT CONCENTRATIONS OF SODIUM HYPOCHLORITEABSTRACT -Brazil is one of the world largest producers of bananas, with a planted and harvested area of 504.586 ha in 2006 (IBGE, 2008). Most of the banana plantations are still cultivated using the traditional rooted young plants, but other methods of propagation such as in vitro micropropagation are constantly being developed and improved, to increase the multiplication rate in short time and to improve the quality of the seedlings production. However, contamination is a major problem of this technique. This study aimed to evaluate the efficiency of decontamination of banana explants, using different concentrations of active chlorine during the sterilization of the explants. The experimental design was randomized and consisted of five treatments and five repetitions, each one of 5 explants, at different concentrations of active chlorine, T1 (control) without active chlorine, T2 (0,5%), T3 (1,0%), T4 (1.5%) and T5 (2%). The contaminations were subjected to analysis of variance and means compared by Tukey test at 5% probability. The results showed that the highest efficiency among the treatments was the immersion of explants in sodium hypochlorite solution with 2% active chlorine, and the doses tested were not toxic to the explants, allowing normal development of them, thus concluding that concentration can be used to control contamination in banana micropropagation.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of potassium fertilization on yield and final quality of guava fruit variety ‘Paluma’, grown at the Irrigated District of Baixo Açu-RN, Brazil. The experimental was carried out in a completelyrandomized blocks design in split plot with five treatments (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5 and 2.0 kg K2O plant-1) with four repetitions. The subplots were composed of two harvest seasons and the following characteristics were evaluated: number of fruits, commercial production, total production, commercial yield, average weight of commercial fruits and average weight of total fruit. For fruit quality the following characteristics were evaluated: vitamin C, soluble solids content, firmness, titratable acidity, flesh pH, fruit length and. With an increasie of K2O dose, a linear increase in the number of fruits was observed and ahigher yield was obtained when a dose of 0.370 kg K2O per plant was applied and a higher fruit firmness was obtained with a dose of 1.2 kg K2O per plant.
RESUMO -A maioria dos plantios de bananeira são realizados utilizando mudas tradicionais do tipo chifre e rizomas. Outros métodos de propagação, como a micropropagação, vêm sendo desenvolvidos e aperfeiçoados com fim a elevar a taxa de multiplicação em curto espaço de tempo e melhorar a qualidade fitossanitária das mudas. Contudo, a contaminação por bactérias e fungos é um dos maiores problemas dessa técnica. O objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar a desinfestação in vitro utilizando concentrações de cloro ativo em explantes de bananeira 'Farta Velhaco'. O delineamento experimental utilizado foi inteiramente casualizado constituído de cinco tratamentos e cinco repetições, sendo cada uma destas representada por cinco explantes em diferentes concentrações de cloro ativo durante vinte minutos, quais sejam: T1 -testemunha sem cloro ativo; T2 -0,5% de cloro ativo; T3 -1,0% de cloro ativo; T4 -1,5% de cloro ativo; e T5 -2% de cloro ativo. Foram avaliadas as porcentagens de contaminação por bactérias e fungos, como também a porcentagem de oxidação dos explantes. Os dados foram submetidos às análises de variância e de regressão. Os resultados permitiram concluir que a maior eficiência dentre os tratamentos testados foi o de imersão dos explantes em 1% de cloro ativo, o qual proporcionou redução em 95% e 90%, respectivamente, para bactérias e fungos e 60% dos explantes oxidados. Concluiu-se que essa concentração pode ser utilizada para o controle de contaminações para micropropagação de bananeira ´Farta Velhaco'.Palavras-chave: Musa sp.. Micropropagação. Estabelecimento. DESINFESTATION IN VITRO OF BANANA 'FARTA VELHACO' (SUB GROUP AAB)' DIFERENTS CONCENTRATIONS ATIVE CHOROABSTRACT -Most banana plantations are still made using traditional clones per type horn and rhizomes. Other propagation methods such as micropropagation have been developed and perfected to raise the rate of multiplication in a short time and improve the health status of the seedlings. However, contamination by bacteria and fungi is one of the biggest problems of this technique. The aim was to evaluate the in vitro disinfestation using active chlorine concentrations of banana explants 'Farta Velhaco'. The experimental design used was completely randomized consisting of five treatments and five repetition, each replicate represented by five explants in different concentrations of active chlorine for twenty minutes: T1 -without active chlorine, T2 -0.5% active chlorine, T3 -1.0% of active chlorine, T4 -1.5% active chlorine and T5 -2% active chlorine. The percentages of contamination by bacteria and fungi as well as the percentage of oxidation of the explants were evaluated. Data were subjected to analysis of variance and regression analysis. The results showed that the highest efficiency among the tested treatments was the immersion of explants in 1% of active chlorine that caused a reduction in 95% and 90% respectively for bacteria and fungi and 60% of explants oxidation. It was concluded that this concentration can be used to control contamination f...
Propagation methods such as in vitro micropropagation have been developed and improved to increase the multiplication rate in a short time and improve the seedlings quality. The objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the different BAP concentrations on micropropagation of ‘Farta Velhaco’ banana during in vitro multiplication phase. The treatments were: T1 – control (0 mg L-1); T2 - 0.5 mg L-1; T3 - 1 mg L-1; T4 - 1.5 mg L-1; T5 - 2 mg L-1; T6 - 2.5 mg L-1; T7 - 3.0 mg L-1; T8 - 3.5 mg L-1 and T9 - 4.0 mg L-1 of BAP added to the MS culture medium. The total number of shoots produced per explant initial subculture every 30 days was evaluated. The highest number of shoots is recorded 2.5 mg L-1 BAP concentration, which promotes 3 shoots per explant in the 4th subculture. The 4.0 mg L-1 BAP concentration reduces the number of shoots.
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