Phenology and growth of shoots, needles, and buds of Douglas-fir seedlings with elevated CO&lt;sub&gt;2&lt;/sub&gt; and (or) temperature

Olszyk, David M.; Wise, Claudia; VanEss, Erica; Apple, M. E.; Tingey, David T.

doi:10.1139/cjb-76-12-1991

Cited by 11 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…Needle length in Scots pine is strongly dependent on the temperature of the current growing season (Junttila & Heide 1981;Junttila 1986). In Douglas fir, elevated temperature increased elongation rate of needles, but the net effect of temperature on needle length varied by year (Olszyk et al 1998;Apple et al 2000). On the basis of these observations, elevation of temperature could be expected to lead to formation of thinner and possibly longer needles with less stomata than at ambient temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO₂ and temperature

Luomala

Laitinen

Sutinen

et al. 2005

Plant Cell & Environment

141

124

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), at elevated temperature (ambient + 2·8-6·2 ∞ ∞ ∞ ∞ C depending on the time of the year) and in a combination of elevated CO 2 and temperature in closed-top chambers. The treatments were started in August 1996. At elevated temperature, the needles that were grown in the first year (i.e. the 1997 cohort) were thinner, had thinner mesophyll in the abaxial side, thinner vascular cylinder and lower stomatal density than those grown at ambient temperature. The proportion of mesophyll area occupied by vascular cylinder or intercellular spaces were not changed. Lower stomatal density apparently did not lead to decreased use of water, as these needles had higher concentrations of less mobile nutrients (Ca, Mg, B, Zn and Mn), which could indicate increased total transpiration. In the 1997 and 1998 cohorts, elevation of temperature decreased concentrations of N, P, K, S and Cu. In the 1999 cohort, contradictory, higher concentrations of N and S at elevated temperature may be related to increased nutrient mineralization in the soil. Elevation of CO 2 did not affect stomatal density, needle thickness, thickness of epidermis or hypodermis, vascular cylinder or intercellular spaces. Concentrations of N, P, S and Cu decreased at elevated CO 2 . Reductions were transient and most distinct in the 1997 cohort. The effects of CO 2 and temperature were in some cases interactive, which meant that in the combined treatment stomatal density decreased less than at elevated temperature, and concentrations of nutrients decreased less than expected on the basis of separate treatments, whereas the thickness of the epidermis and hypodermis decreased more than in the separate treatments. In conclusion, alterations in the anatomy and stomatal density of Scots pine needles were more distinct at elevated temperature than at elevated CO 2 . Both elevated CO 2 and temperature-induced changes in nutrient concentrations that partly corresponded to the biochemical and photosynthetic alterations in the same cohorts (

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 89%

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO₂ and temperature

Luomala

Laitinen

Sutinen

et al. 2005

Plant Cell & Environment

141

124

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Higher air CO 2 concentration, which rose from 316 ppm in 1956 to 394 ppm now, is associated with global temperature increase during previous 100 years of about 0.8 °C (IPCC 2007). Under elevated [CO 2 ] conditions, an acceleration of bud phenology (Repo et al, 1996;Jach and Ceulemans, 1999) is reported, others studies showed a dilution response (Linkosalo, 2000), or no eff ects (Olszyk et al, 1998;Roberntz, 1999;Kilpelainen et al, 2006;Slaney et al, 2007). Except fl ushing, climate change aff ects size of tree foliage and even changes the chemical composition (C/N ratio) of leaves -leaves contain less nitrogen and leaf-eating insects therefore have to consume more leaves to cover their nourishment needs (DeLucia et al, 2008).…”

Section: Elevated [Co 2 ] Forest Phenology Global Climate Change Nmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in spruce and beech flushing in the context of global climate change

Pokorný¹,

Tomášková²,

Ač³

2013

Acta Univ. Agric. Silvic. Mendelianae Brun.

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Bud phenology and development of needle nitrogen content were monitored on Norway spruce (Picea abies [L.] Karst) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica [L.]) trees grown inside glass-domes for five years under ambient (385 µmol(CO2) mol−1) and elevated (700 µmol(CO2) mol−1) atmospheric CO2 concentrations ([CO2]). The spruce to beech ratio was 35:65 in both treatments. At the beginning of the experiment mean age of investigated trees was 5 years.Elevated [CO2] was responsible for premature growth of both spruce and beech buds in the E treatment (not significantly, by 3–7 days). Nevertheless the flushing of neither beech nor spruce was not significantly hastened in E treatment during the flushing within the 5 years. During the second half of flushing faster development of terminal beech buds comparing to spruce was found (Chi-square = 65, p << 0.01). While the trajectory of beech buds development proceeded in the line – terminal – apical – lateral, the development of apical and lateral buds in spruce was finished before finalization of terminal buds development. At the beginning of the growing season the lowest value of nitrogen in spruce needles from E treatment (mean ± standard deviation 1.20 ± 0.18 %) was found. This could be a reason of weak differences between A and E treatment in both tree species. Elevated [CO2] acts as growth stimulator but the nitrogen insufficiency eliminates a positive effect of [CO2]. As the global climate change express itself in many ways and relationship’s consequences among plants and/or animals are hard to forecast.

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Population genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity of Ambrosiaartemisiifolia under different nitrogen levels

Xiong

Oduor

Zhao

2023

Ecological Applications

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Rapid adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity are two mechanisms that are often thought to underlie invasiveness of alien plant species, but whether they can co‐occur within invasive plant populations under altered environmental conditions such as nitrogen (N) enrichment has seldom been explored. Latitudinal clines in plant trait responses to variation in environmental factors may provide evidence of local adaptation. Here, we inferred the relative contributions of phenotypic plasticity and local adaptation to the performance of the invasive plant Ambrosia artemisiifolia under different soil N levels, using a common garden approach. We grew A. artemisiifolia individuals raised from seeds that were sampled from six invasive populations along a wide latitudinal cline in China (23°42'N to 45°43'N) under three N (0 g N·m‐2, 5 g N·m‐2, and 10 g N·m‐2) levels in a common garden. Results show significant interpopulation genetic differentiation in plant height, number of branches, total biomass, and transpiration rate of the invader A. artemisiifolia across the N treatments. The populations also expressed genetic differentiation in basal diameter, growth rate, leaf area, seed width, root mass, above‐ground biomass, stomatal conductance, and intercellular CO2 concentration regardless of N treatments. Moreover, plants from different populations of the invader displayed plastic responses in time to flowering, hundred‐grain weight, net photosynthesis rate, and relative biomass allocation to roots and shoots and seed length under different N treatments. Additionally, individuals of A. artemisiifolia from higher latitudes grew shorter and allocated less biomass to the roots regardless of N treatment, while latitudinal cline (or lack thereof) in other traits depended on the level of N in which the plants were grown. Overall, these results suggest that rapid adaptive evolution and phenotypic plasticity in the various traits that we quantified may jointly contribute to invasiveness of A. artemisiifolia under different levels of N availability. More broadly, the results support the idea that phenotypic plasticity and rapid adaptive evolution can jointly enable invasive plants to colonize a wide range of environmental conditions.

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Phenology and growth of shoots, needles, and buds of Douglas-fir seedlings with elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and (or) temperature

Cited by 11 publications

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Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO₂ and temperature

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO₂ and temperature

Shifts in spruce and beech flushing in the context of global climate change

Population genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity of Ambrosiaartemisiifolia under different nitrogen levels

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Phenology and growth of shoots, needles, and buds of Douglas-fir seedlings with elevated CO<sub>2</sub> and (or) temperature

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO2 and temperature

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO2 and temperature

Shifts in spruce and beech flushing in the context of global climate change

Population genetic differentiation and phenotypic plasticity of Ambrosiaartemisiifolia under different nitrogen levels

Contact Info

Product

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Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO₂ and temperature

Stomatal density, anatomy and nutrient concentrations of Scots pine needles are affected by elevated CO₂ and temperature