Phenolic Compounds Present Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi Influence the Lowering of Blood Pressure in Rats

Abstract

This study identified two phenolic compounds in Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi fruits: naringenin (first report in this species) and gallic acid. Their structures were elucidated by nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) data (1H-, 13C-NMR) and a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique. A high content of phenolics (659.21 mg of gallic acid equivalents/g of sample—Folin-Ciocalteau method) and total flavonoids (140.69 mg of rutin equivalents/g of sample—aluminum chloride method) were quantified in S. terebinthifolius, as well as high antioxidant activity (77.47%—2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH method). The antihypertensive activity related to its phenolic content was investigated. After intravenous infusion in Wistar rats, these phenolics significantly reduced (p < 0.05) the systolic, median, and diastolic arterial pressures of individuals. The rotarod test was performed to determine the mechanism of action of the sample vasorelaxant effect. It was found that its action exceeded that of the positive control used (diazepam). This confirmed the vasodilatory activity exerted by S. terebinthifolius fruits is related to the phenolic compounds present in the plant, which are potent antioxidants and inhibit oxidative stress, mainly in the central nervous system.

Microbiological quality, chemical profile as well as antioxidant and antidiabetic activities of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi

“…In traditional medicine, this plant is used to treat skin wounds and ulcers, tumors, diarrhea, arthritis as well as urinary and respiratory tract infections (Brandão et al, 2006). Various pharmacological activities have been described for this plant, including antimicrobial (Silva et al, 2017a), antiulcerogenic (Carlini et al, 2010), anticancer (Silva et al, 2017b), antihistamine (Nunes-Neto et al, 2017), antihypertensive (Glória et al, 2017), antihyperalgesic (Piccinelli et al, 2015), wound healing (Estevão et al, 2017), anti-inflammatory (Silva et al, 2017b) and antioxidant (Rocha et al, 2017) activities in different models.…”

Schinus terebenthifolius Raddi extracts: From sunscreen activity toward protection of the placenta to Zika virus infection, new uses for a well-known medicinal plant

“…The column used was a Shimadzu VP-ODS C18 column (250 L x4.6 mm), with an UV/vis detector (SPD-M20A) and a computer software (LC-solution). The reversed-phase HPLC analyses were adapted from Glória et al (2017). The mobile phase was composed by 0.5 % acetic acid in purified water (solvent A), and acetonitrile (solvent B).…”

“…Some authors have reported the presence of phenolic compounds in S. terebinthifolius by use of HPLC. Glória et al (2017) reported the presence of gallic acid and naringenin, in the ethyl acetate fraction of fruits, while Bernardes et al (2014) identified apigenin in the fruit peel's extract and Tlili et al (2018), the presence of gallic acid, catechin, vanillic and coumaric acids, epicatechin, rutin, luteolin and kaempferol, in the extracts of fruits of S. terebinthifolius and S. molle.…”

“…Phytochemical studies performed with the leaf and fruit extracts of S. terebinthifolius revealed the presence of phenolic compounds, such as methyl gallate, gallic acid, quercetin, luteolin, catechin, epicatechin and naringin in their composition (Degaspari et al, 2005;Santana et al, 2012;Pagani et al, 2014;Feuereisen et al, 2014Feuereisen et al, , 2017Glória et al, 2017;Tlili et al, 2018;Gomes et al, 2019).…”

“…This species is present in the Phytotherapeutic Form of the Brazilian Pharmacopoeia (2011) (Anvisa, 2011). Important biological activities, such as antihypertensive and vasodilatory (Glória et al, 2017), antimicrobial (Degaspari et al, 2005;Silva et al, 2017a, b); anti-allergic (Cavalher-Machado et al, 2008), antioxidant, antiproliferative and anti-inflammatory (Silva et al, 2017a, b); antioxidant and protective against doxorubicin-induced cardiotoxicity (Rocha et al, 2018) and, more recently, against multidrug-resistant strains of hospital origin (Gomes et al, 2019) were already reported.…”