Phomopsis sp. (ZH76). Their structures were determined by analysis of spectroscopic data. Compound 1 inhibited HEp-2 and HepG2 cells with IC 50 values of 9 and 16 Pmol/mL, respectively. Mangrove endophytic fungi have received some attention, and some promising compounds with unique chemical structures and potent activities have been isolated [1-5]. This paper reports the isolation, structural elucidation, and biological activities of a new xanthone O-glycoside, 3-O-(6-O-D-L-arabinopyranosyl)-E-D-glucopyranosyl-1,4-dimethoxyxanthone (1), together with three known compounds, phomapyrone D (2), 2-methoxy-3,4-methylenedioxybenzophenone (3), and cyclo(D-6-Hyp-L-Phe) (4), from the mangrove endophytic fungus Phomopsis sp. ZH76 that was isolated from the stem of the mangrove tree Excoecaria agallocha from Dong Zai, Hainan, China. Compound 1 was obtained as a yellow amorphous solid. The molecular formula of C 26 H 30 O 14 was established by HR-FAB-MS (m/z 565.1552, calcd for [M -H] -565.1557) and the NMR spectral data (Table 1). The UV absorption bands at 232, 258, 299, and 376 nm and IR (KBr) absorption bands at 3468, 1658, 1605, 1589, and 1478 cm -1 suggested the presence of the xanthone skeleton [6]. On acid hydrolysis, 1 gave glucose and arabinose, suggesting that 1 was a xanthone glycoside.The 1 H NMR spectrum exhibited four aromatic protons at G 7.64 (d, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.78 (t, J = 8.3 Hz), 7.42 (t, J = 7.5 Hz), and 8.09 (d, J = 7.8 Hz), and one aromatic proton at 6.87 (s), indicating that one aromatic ring was a 1,2-disubstituted benzene ring and the other was a pentasubstituted benzene ring. The 1 H NMR spectrum also showed the signals of one anomeric proton of Glc at G 4.97 (d, J = 7.5 Hz), one anomeric proton of Ara at 4.17 (d, J = 6.5 Hz), and two aromatic methoxyl groups at 3.85 and 3.81. The remaining proton signals upfield were attributable to two sugar moieties.