Phenolic Compounds from the Aerial Parts of Malva verticillata and their Anti-diabetic Effect

Abstract

The EtOAc, n-BuOH, and aqueous fractions from the aerial parts of Malva verticillata have been shown to promote significant recovery from alloxan-induced pancreatic islet (PI) damage in zebrafish larvae at 10 μg/mL. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the principal active components of these plant parts and their pharmacological properties. Repeated SiO 2 and octadecyl SiO 2 column chromatography with the aerial parts of M. verticillata led to isolation of four phenolic compounds; these compounds were identified as benzyl--D-galactopyranoside (1), (-)-secoisolariciresinol-9′-O--D-glucopyranoside (2), transferulic acid (3), and trans-ferulic acid methyl ester (4) on the basis of physicochemical and spectroscopic analyses including infrared, nuclear magnetic resonance, and fast atom bombardment-mass spectroscopy. Compounds 1-4 were first isolated from M. verticillata in this study. Furthermore, compounds 1-4 recovered alloxan-induced PI damage in zebrafish. Especially, compound 3 recovered the size of the injured PIs by 83.8% (p=0.0007) compared to the alloxaninduced group, while compound 4 by 33.4% (p=0.0072). It is the first report that trans-ferulic acid (3) exhibited the protective effect on zebrafish larvae PIs damaged by alloxan.

Impact of butylparaben on β‐cell damage and insulin/PEPCK expression in zebrafish larvae: Protective effects of morin

“…[6] Previous studies have employed fluorescent 2NBDG staining to specifically detect the size of β-cells in zebrafish larvae. [28,29] This study observed a significant decrease in F I G U R E 7 Protective effect of morin on the butylparaben induced β-cell damages in the zebrafish larvae (n = 30/group). The β-cell was stained with 2NBDG stain.…”

Cardioprotective effect of Malva verticillata against doxorubicin -induced toxicity in rats

“…Group VI: cardiotoxicinduced grouptreated group by giving 500 mg/kg/d of M. verticillata (treated group). The extract was administered to the tested animals by oral gavage once a day for 6 weeks and was injected intraperitoneally with a dose of 1 mg/kg of doxorubicin twice a week for 6 weeks [25,26,[29][30][31].…”

“…found that M. verticillata may become the promising antidiabetic agent. They isolated four phenolic compounds from the aerial part that recovered the size of pancreatic islets (PIs) from zebrafish larvae damaged by treatment with alloxan [14]. Additionally, the outcomes of the Shim et al, [15] study demonstrated that a water extract of M. verticillata seeds inhibited osteoclastogenesis and bone resorption by suppressing the RANKL signaling pathway.…”