Phenetic Characterization of Plum Cultivars by High Multiplex Ratio Markers: Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms and Inter-simple Sequence Repeats

Abstract

<jats:p>Variability of commercial plum (<jats:italic>Prunus</jats:italic> L. sp.) cultivars is unknown since breeding often involves intercrossing hybrids with several species but has been based on a low number of parents. Molecular markers like amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLP) and inter-simple sequence repeats (ISSR), which sample multiple loci simultaneously, have become increasingly popular, and were used to characterize 24 diploid and four hexaploid cultivars of plum. Seven AFLP and six ISSR primers were used, and resulted in amplification of 379 and 270 products, respectively. Unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic averages (UPGMA) dendrograms, based on similarity coefficients, reflected a clear separation between diploid and hexaploid plums. Among diploid plums, two pairs of cultivars were relatively distinct from the rest, namely `Golden Japan' and `Methley' and `Ozark Premier' and `Songold'. Furthermore, several cultivars were grouped together both with AFLP and ISSR analysis: 1) `Ambra', `Red Beaut', and `Black Beaut', 2) `Black Diamond' and `Royal Diamond', 3) `June Rose', `Santa Rosa', and `Royal Red', and iv) `Freedom', `Larry Ann', and `Queen Rosa'. Although the phenetic classification obtained by the two methods were similar (<jats:italic>r</jats:italic> = 0.73, for the diploid group), ISSR had a higher reproducibility and percentage of polymorphisms (87.4% vs. 62.8%) than AFLP. Methodological aspects of both markers systems are discussed. Results obtained suggest that the AFLP and ISSR approaches are valuable tools for identification of specific genotypes and analysis of phenetic relationships in plum.</jats:p>

Identifying Lychee (Litchi chinensis Sonn.) Cultivars and their Genetic Relationships Using Intersimple Sequence Repeat (ISSR) Markers

“…This presents 6% of the total 33 opportunities for detecting such bands (i.e., cases in which both parents lack a band detected in their progeny). Nonparental bands might result from competition during PCR amplification (Goulao et al, 2001;Hallden et al, 1996). The occurrence of nonparental bands raises concern about the potential use of ISSR technique for parentage analysis, but their low frequency of occurrence suggests that this may not be a significant problem.…”

“…The ISSR method can differentiate between closely related individuals (Fang and Roose, 1997;Moreno et al, 1998;Zietkiewicz et al, 1994). ISSR markers have been used for cultivar identification and for genetic relationship studies in various plant species (Ajibade et al, 2000;Blair et al, 1999;Fang and Roose, 1997;Fang et al, 1998;Gilbert et al, 1999;Goulao et al, 2001;Lanham and Brennan, 1998;Martin and Sanchez-Yelamo, 2000;Moreno et al, 1998;Prevost and Wilkinson, 1999). The objective of this study was to evaluate the utility of ISSR markers for fingerprinting and to study the genetic relationships among 66 lychee cultivars and accessions held in our lychee germplasm repository.…”

Analysis of the genetic structure of Rhodiola rosea (Crassulaceae) using inter-simple sequence repeat (ISSR) polymorphisms

“…ISSR markers are a multilocus system of a dominant type. ISSR analysis is a sensitive method with some advantages over other genetic tools and often provides sufficient information for studying the genetic diversity in plant populations (Ayres and Strong, 2001;Godwin et al, 1997;Goulao et al, 2001;Wolfe, 2005;Zietkiewicz et al, 1994).…”

Genetic relatedness and genetic diversity of ornamental mei (Prunus mume Sieb. et Zucc.) as analysed by AFLP markers

“…In particular, random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers have been extensively used in several studies of genetic variability in mei (Chai et al 2003;Liu and Chen 1999;Zhang et al 1998Zhang et al , 2004. More recently, amplified fragment length polymorphisms (AFLPs) have been successfully used to study genetic diversity and identification in apricot (Hagen et al 2002;Geuna et al 2003;Hurtado et al 2002b;Panaud et al 2002;Ricciardi et al 2002) and plum (Goulão et al 2001) and also for the study of genetic relationships of Prunus species (Hagen et al 2001). Genetic linkage maps in apricot (Vilanova et al 2003;Hurtado et al 2002a) have also been conducted using AFLP markers.…”