Phase structure, rheology and electrical conductivity of co-continuous polystyrene/polymethylmethacrylate blends filled with carbon black

Scherzer, Selina L.; Pavlová, Ewa; Esper, Julian D.; Starý, Zdeněk

doi:10.1016/j.compscitech.2015.10.003

Cited by 54 publications

(41 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…It was found that this migration is a thermodynamically driven process, as it occurred fast during the blending of (PP/CB) + PA. The influence of the blending sequence on the final localization of CB particles in PS/PMMA (volume ratio of 1) blends was investigated by Scherzer et al . It was found that CB particles would locate in the PS regardless of the mixing sequence.…”

Section: Effects Of Mixing Conditions (Dynamic Process)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the Conductivity of Nanocomposites through Nanoparticle Migration and Interface Crossing in Immiscible Polymer Blends: A Review on Fundamental Understanding

Salehiyan

Ray

2018

Macro Materials & Eng

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This article critically reviews the detailed fundamental understanding of the influence of conductive nanoparticle migration on the localization, and hence, electrical conductivity of immiscible polymer blend nanocomposites. Three types of conductive nanoparticles, namely, spherical, tubular, and platelet, are discussed with respect to their migration and electrical conductivity of obtained nanocomposites. A complete migration process consists of bulk migration within one component, contact with the interface, and penetration to the other component. During processing, the wetting coefficient parameter is the main thermodynamically controlling factor for nanoparticle localization. However, kinetic effects, such as mixing sequence and intensity, viscosity ratio, size and shape of the nanoparticles, and mixing time, can play a substantial role in determining the final locations of nanoparticles. Moreover, the rate of migration varies with the surface chemistry of the nanoparticles. It has been reported that nanoparticles in a more viscous phase move slower compared with a low viscous phase. Furthermore, nanoparticles having high aspect ratios and surface polarities compatible with the other component migrating faster. It is established that immiscible polymer blend nanocomposites with a “double percolation” structure having higher conductivity with nanoparticles are localized at the interface of the co‐continuous blends.

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Section: Effects Of Mixing Conditions (Dynamic Process)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Tuning the Conductivity of Nanocomposites through Nanoparticle Migration and Interface Crossing in Immiscible Polymer Blends: A Review on Fundamental Understanding

Salehiyan

Ray

2018

Macro Materials & Eng

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“…O avanço tecnológico na dispersão de cargas, e o desenvolvimento de NF de alta estrutura revelou uma melhora significativa em compósitos poliméricos com NF. Onde antes uma concentração relativamente elevada de carga, cerca de 10 vol.% [26,27] , seria necessária para atingir a percolação elétrica gerando um aumento na viscosidade do compósito e perda nas propriedades mecânicas, na última década são relatadas concentrações que chegam próximas a 1% dependendo da morfologia, tamanho e da dispersão das cargas condutoras utilizadas [28][29][30][31] . As propriedades elétricas de compósitos NF/polímeros têm sido estudadas [13,14] , mas não há um número vasto de artigos concentrados em avaliar quantitativamente a condutividade elétrica, bem como a aplicação de modelos que explicam o fenômeno da percolação para cargas particuladas, como o NF.…”

Section: Compósitos Poliméricosunclassified

Modelos de percolação elétrica aplicados para compósitos poliméricos condutores

Coelho

Morales

2017

Polímeros

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AesumoO presente artigo apresenta a aplicação e adequação dos modelos de percolação elétrica em trabalhos experimentais e teóricos da literatura para compósitos poliméricos condutores. Foi realizado um levantamento das publicações referentes aos modelos estudados para os diferentes tipos de cargas condutoras mais aplicadas na preparação destes compósitos, tais como pós metálicos, grafite, negro de fumo, nanofibras e nanotubos de carbono. A discussão está apresentada quanto à adequação dos modelos ao comportamento dos compósitos na influência das cargas nas propriedades elétricas de matrizes poliméricas. Palavras-chave: compósitos poliméricos, condutividade elétrica, modelos de percolação. AbstractThis paper presents the application and adjustment of electrical percolation models in conductive polymer composites. Different models have been proposed for different types of conductive fillers applied in composites preparation, such as metal powders, graphite, black carbon, carbon nanotubes and nanofibers. The discussion was carried out considering the consistency of the model on the behavior of these fillers and their influence on the electrical properties of polymer matrices.Keywords: polymer composites, electrical conductivity, percolation models. IntroduçãoA incorporação de partículas eletricamente condutoras em uma matriz isolante polimérica é um exemplo importante da modificação de materiais em áreas até então restrita aos metais, tais como, piezo elétricos [1] , adesivos condutivos [2] , roupas e artigos antiestáticos [3] , blindagem eletromagnética [4] e sensores químicos [5] . A esta classe de materiais é dada a denominação de compósitos condutores poliméricos que apresentam muitas vantagens em comparação aos metais, como por exemplo, resistência à corrosão, menor densidade, processabilidade e custo [6] .A adição de cargas eletricamente condutoras, tais como, partículas metálicas [7][8][9] , nanofolhas de grafite [10][11][12] , negro de fumo (NF) [13,14] e nanotubos de carbono (NTC) [15][16][17][18] em uma resina polimérica isolante tem sido o principal recurso para a obtenção de compósitos condutores. Entre estas cargas destacam-se os NTC por seu potencial na obtenção de sistemas nanoestruturados altamente condutores com excelentes propriedades mecânicas [17,18] . A principal questão sobre os nanocompósitos poliméricos condutores está relacionada com a variação da condutividade em função da concentração das partículas condutoras, onde se observa existir uma concentração crítica a partir da qual ocorre um aumento na condutividade do sistema. Este fenômeno pode ser explicado pela teoria da percolação.Vários modelos matemáticos foram desenvolvidos para descrever o fenômeno de percolação e uma revisão abrangente foi feita por Lux 1993 [19] , considerando fatores estruturais micrométricos dos sistemas. Desde então, estes modelos continuam a ser aplicados e discutidos. Mais recentemente, destaca-se a importância de novos materiais obtidos a partir de cargas cujas dimensões são nanométricas.Bauhofer e Kovacs [20] ...

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“…In the double percolated structure, conductive fillers are added into the immiscible polymer blend and preferably distributed in one continuous phase or selectively localized at the interface of the polymer blend. [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] In our previous work, 7 a low percolation threshold was obtained for polystyrene/poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PS/PMMA)/CB composites by applying the double percolation concept with CB located in the PS phase. The addition of high CB concentration efficiently suppressed the structure coarsening during further annealing treatment.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, the conductive fillers in polymer composites may increase the viscosity of composites and thus lead to poor processability. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14] A low percolation threshold is therefore desired. The design of the double percolated structure is an effective way of lowering the percolation threshold.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Conductivity and phase morphology of carbon black-filled immiscible polymer blends under creep: an experimental and theoretical study

Pan

Liu

Hao

et al. 2016

Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys.

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a Blends of carbon black (CB)-filled co-continuous immiscible polystyrene/poly(methyl-methacrylate) (PS/PMMA) with a PS/PMMA ratio of 50/50 and CB selectively located in the PS phase have been prepared by melt blending. The simultaneous evolution of conductivity and phase morphology of blend composites was investigated under shear and in the quiescent state at 200 1C. It was found that shear deformation had a significant influence on the conductivity of the unfilled PS/PMMA blend and its composites, which was attributed to the change of phase morphology during shear. After the shear stress of 10 kPa, the conductivity of PS/PMMA blends filled with 2 vol% of CB decreased by about two orders of magnitude and the phase morphology transformed from a fine co-continuous structure into a highly elongated lamellar structure. The deformation of phase morphology and the decrease of conductivity were weakened upon decreasing the shear stress or increasing the CB concentration.During subsequent recovery, pronounced phase structure coarsening was observed in the mixture and the conductivity increased as well. A simple model describing the behavior of conductivity under shear deformation was derived and utilized for the description of the experimental data. For the first time, the Burgers model was used to describe the conductivity, and the viscoelastic and viscoplastic parameters were deduced by fitting the conductivity under shear. The results obtained in this study provide a deeper insight into the evolution of phase structure in the conductive polymer blend composite induced by shear deformation.

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Phase structure, rheology and electrical conductivity of co-continuous polystyrene/polymethylmethacrylate blends filled with carbon black

Cited by 54 publications

References 42 publications

Tuning the Conductivity of Nanocomposites through Nanoparticle Migration and Interface Crossing in Immiscible Polymer Blends: A Review on Fundamental Understanding

Tuning the Conductivity of Nanocomposites through Nanoparticle Migration and Interface Crossing in Immiscible Polymer Blends: A Review on Fundamental Understanding

Modelos de percolação elétrica aplicados para compósitos poliméricos condutores

Conductivity and phase morphology of carbon black-filled immiscible polymer blends under creep: an experimental and theoretical study

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