Phase-Noise Reduction in Oscillators via Small-Signal Injection

Maffezzoni, P.; D'Amore, D.

doi:10.1109/tcsi.2011.2123610

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…14 shows the output power spectra derived with the different methods for the case 2). Also in this case, the result of the behavioral simulation matches with great accuracy the spectrum predicted by the closed-form expression (19) and the in-band dc component value (23). The proposed behavioral simulation allows computing the spectrum down to few Hz with run-times of the order of ten minutes.…”

Section: Numerical Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

“…In this case, from (21), we find that the in-band PLL output power spectrum for , approaches the following constant value: (23) It is possible to verify that, in both cases of white and flicker noise, the spectrum (21) is flat for , i.e., its derivative with respect to frequency tends to zero. In fact, for a white noise, we derive Similarly, for a flicker noise, we obtain where denotes the sign function.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 73%

“…If the tone frequency is at a small offset from the sampling frequency , the high-pass path in (18) transfers to the PLL output almost unchanged, while the low-pass path filters the folded spectrum and results in a critical spur tone within the PLL bandwidth. The PLL output spectrum is thus given by (27) We conclude this section by highlighting that the in-band dc spectrum components (22), (23), as well as the in-band spur in (27) are not predicted by the conventional continuous-time PLL model.…”

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The perturbed VCO response is thus well represented by a phase-domain model of the type [22], [23] (2)…”

Section: Cp-pll Noise Transfer Functions From a Simplified Time-dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of VCO Phase Noise in Charge-Pump Phase-Locked Loops

Maffezzoni

Levantino

2012

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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This paper presents a phase noise analysis of charge-pump phase-locked-loops. Fundamental results from the theory of discrete-time systems are employed to derive closed-form expressions of noise transfer functions and design guidelines. The proposed expressions allows predicting the PLL in-band noise and spurs induced by VCO internal white and flicker noise sources and by external interferences coupled to VCO most sensitive nodes. To verify the correctness of the presented theoretical results, a simulation method is developed, which takes into account the time-varying nonlinear characteristics of the VCO and which is much more efficient than transistor-level noise simulations

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Section: Numerical Resultssupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 73%

Section: )mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The perturbed VCO response is thus well represented by a phase-domain model of the type [22], [23] (2)…”

Section: Cp-pll Noise Transfer Functions From a Simplified Time-dmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of VCO Phase Noise in Charge-Pump Phase-Locked Loops

Maffezzoni

Levantino

2012

IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. I

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“…These devices represent today a very promising solution for the realization of high-frequency PLLs due to their inherent higher speed and lower power consumption compared to conventional digital dividers [1]. However, the complexity of injection locking mechanism is such that the actual phasenoise degradation in ILFDs depends on numerous factors and working conditions, such as the desired division ratio, the amplitude and the frequency of the input signal [2], [3]. Two main approaches to the phase-noise analysis of ILFDs exist: (i) transistor-level CAD simulations (ii) analyses that adopt ILFD macromodels of reduced complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An efficient method to compute phase-noise in injection-locked frequency dividers

Marucci

Levantino

Maffezzoni

et al. 2013

2013 IEEE International Symposium on Circuits and Systems (ISCAS2013)

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Survey of integrated‐circuit‐oscillator phase‐noise analysis

Pankratz

Sánchez-Sinencio

2013

Circuit Theory & Apps

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This tutorial distills the salient phase-noise analysis concepts and key equations developed over the last 75 years relevant to integrated circuit oscillators. Oscillator phase and amplitude fluctuations have been studied since at least 1938 when Berstein solved the Fokker-Planck equations for the phase/amplitude distributions of a resonant oscillator.The principal contribution of this work is the organized, unified presentation of eclectic phase-noise analysis techniques, facilitating their application to integrated circuit oscillator design. Furthermore, we demonstrate that all these methods boil down to obtaining three things: (1) noise modulation function; (2) noise transfer function; and (3) current-controlled oscillator gain. For each method, this paper provides a short background explanation of the technique, a step-by-step procedure of how to apply the method to hand calculation/computer simulation, and a worked example to demonstrate how to analyze a practical oscillator circuit with that method.This survey article chiefly deals with phase-noise analysis methods, so to restrict its scope, we limit our discussion to the following: (1) analyzing integrated circuit metal-oxide-semiconductor/bipolar junction transistor-based LC, delay, and ring oscillator topologies; (2) considering a few oscillator harmonics in our analysis; (3) analyzing thermal/flicker intrinsic device-noise sources rather than environmental/parametric noise/ wander; (4) providing mainly qualitative amplitude-noise discussions; and (5) omitting measurement methods/phase-noise reduction techniques.We categorize oscillators into one of three varieties, as illustrated in Figure 3: resonant, delay line, or relaxation. First, the resonant oscillator consists of a nonlinear amplifier and a lumped frequencyselective network or resonator, which typically has a band-pass frequency response with a single magnitude peak as indicated conceptually in the figure. This resonator can take the form of an LC tank circuit, dielectric puck, quartz crystal, SAW or bulk acoustic wave transducer, yttrium iron garnet resonator, or ceramic disk resonator to name a few [43,147,148]. IC resonant oscillators typically use LC tanks, although they are often designed to work in concert with an external 874 E. PANKRATZ AND E. SÁNCHEZ-SINENCIO ! ss t ð Þ correspond to the roughly circular trajectory in the figure called a limit cycle [150].Figure 4. Optoelectronic delay-line oscillator. 876 E. PANKRATZ AND E. SÁNCHEZ-SINENCIO For some subtleties of amplitude-noise behavior, see [50,143], where [50] also points out effects of not employing Floquet normalization (cf. Section 4.7).½ =fVoigt ð Þ 2(Gaussian) at small offsets [78,151,152,154]. Chorti also observed that, in general, noise processes with long correlation times tend to create such 'Gaussian' voltage spectra for small frequency offsets f m [151,152]. 4 Note well that, technically, defining spectra for f proves problematic, as it is not stationary and, what is worse, not bounded. This is in fact one reason why the ...

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Phase-Noise Reduction in Oscillators via Small-Signal Injection

Cited by 17 publications

References 32 publications

Analysis of VCO Phase Noise in Charge-Pump Phase-Locked Loops

Analysis of VCO Phase Noise in Charge-Pump Phase-Locked Loops

An efficient method to compute phase-noise in injection-locked frequency dividers

Survey of integrated‐circuit‐oscillator phase‐noise analysis

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