Phase angle is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in children aged between 9 and 11 years

Langer, Raquel David; Costa, Kell Grandjean da; Bortolotti, Henrique; Fernandes, G.; Jesus, Raille Silva de; Gonçalves, Ezequiel Moreira

doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2019.112772

Cited by 28 publications

(25 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…PhA is a relevant health parameter in clinical use as it reflects the body fluid distribution among intracellular and extracellular compartments (2,8). Furthermore, PhA can indicate the nutritional status of different populations and malnourished children, healthy children, and adolescents (14)(15)(16).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Age-, sex-, and maturity-associated variation in the phase angle after adjusting for size in adolescents

et al. 2022

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BackgroundApplied research using the phase angle (PhA) in children and adolescents has increased notably. Using multilevel modeling in a fully Bayesian framework, we examined the relationships between PhA, age, sex, biological maturity status, and body size in 10–16-year-old adolescents.MethodsThe sample comprised 519 adolescents (women, n = 241; men, n = 278) from Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Biological maturity status was assessed with self-examination of pubertal development for sexual maturity and maturity offset protocol to estimate age at peak height velocity (PHV) for somatic maturity status. Stature and body mass were measured by anthropometry. Phase angle was calculated based on raw resistance and reactance values (50 kHz frequency) obtained by bioelectrical impedance with the foot-to-hand technology.ResultsThe multilevel regression analysis revealed that boys had significantly higher values of phase angle than girls, adjusting for age group and sexual maturity status. Overall, older and more mature adolescents had higher values of phase angle. When considering aligning variation in the phase angle by distance to estimated PHV (maturity offset), there was a higher association between the phase angle and time before and after predicted age at PHV for boys (r = 0.31, 90% CI: 0.23 to 0.39) than girls (r = 0.2, 90% CI: 0.11 to 0.28). When including body mass in the multilevel models, corresponding changes in the overall body mass mediate most of the influence of the maturity status and age group on the phase angle.ConclusionThe present study demonstrated that the variability in phase angle is related to inter-individual variation in sex, age, and maturity status, as well as differences in body size. Research with adolescents considering phase angle should use multilevel modeling with standardized parameters as default to adjust for the concurrent influence of sex, age, maturity status, and body size.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Recently, the interest in applied research interpreting PhA in children and adolescents, particularly in youth sports, has increased notably (14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19). The PhA values should increase with adolescence and should be more pronounced in boys than girls (10,13).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Age-, sex-, and maturity-associated variation in the phase angle after adjusting for size in adolescents

et al. 2022

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“…Their assessment in sportspeople is motivated by the fact that IR and PhA may be considered as potential markers of both body cell mass (BCM) and the ratio between extracellular water and total body water (ECW/TBW ratio) [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]; in other words, both these variables may give information on the electrical properties, as well as the FFM composition and/or muscle composition. IR and PhA were related to muscle strength and physical activity [ 14 , 15 ] as well, while in the first decades of life and elderly people PhA was associated with muscle performance [ 16 , 17 ], isolated or grouped physical fitness indicators [ 18 , 19 ], and cardiorespiratory fitness [ 20 ]. As reported in a recent systematic review [ 21 ], it is still to be determined to what extent PhA differs between different sports and due to training/untraining; some studies showed that mean whole-body PhA is higher in athletes vs. controls [ 21 , 22 ], while, to the best of our knowledge, so far no data are available on IRs in sportspeople and only limited data exists on segmental BIA [ 7 , 8 , 9 , 21 , 22 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Body Composition and Bioelectrical-Impedance-Analysis-Derived Raw Variables in Pole Dancers

Ballarin

Scalfi

Monfrecola

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Few data are available on the body composition of pole dancers. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) is a method that is used to estimate fat-free mass (FFM) and fat mass (FM), while raw BIA variables, such as the impedance ratio (IR) and phase angle (PhA), are markers of body cell mass and the ratio between extracellular and total body water. The aim of this study was to evaluate the body composition of pole dancers compared to controls, in particular, those raw BIA variables that are considered as markers of muscle composition. Forty female pole dancers and 59 controls participated in the study. BIA was performed on the whole body and upper and lower limbs, separately, at 5, 50, 100 and 250 kHz. The FFM, FFM index, FM and body fat percentage (BF%) were predicted. The bioelectrical impedance indexes IR and PhA were also considered. Pole dancers exhibited higher FFMI and BI indexes and lower BF%. PhA was greater and IRs were smaller in pole dancers than in controls for the whole body and upper limbs. Considering the training level, FFM, whole-body IR and PhA were higher in the professionals than non-professionals. Raw BIA variables significantly differed between the pole dancers and controls, suggesting a higher BCM; furthermore, practicing pole dancing was associated with a greater FFM and lower FM.

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“…При оценке исходного вегетативного тонуса выявлено, что в группе наблюдения ваготонию покоя регистрировали в 2,2 раза чаще, чем в Большие значения динамометрии, фазового угла, скелетно-мышечной и активной клеточной массы на фоне относительно низких значений жировой массы при равном значении ИМТ указывают на высокий уровень развития мышечной силы, тренированности и выносливости у кадет относительно учащихся СОШ. Результаты БИА компонентного состава тела, динамометрии отражены в лучших результатах функциональных проб и показателях кардиореспираторной системы, что подтверждается зависимостями между значениями параметров БИА, характеризующих двигательную активность (ФУ, СММ, АКМ), и значениями функциональных проб (ИС, время задержки дыхания на вдохе и выдохе) [17][18][19][20].…”

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Assessment of Functional Reserves of the Cardiorespiratory System in Students of Cadet Corps

Eisfeld¹,

Shtina²,

Маклакова³

et al. 2021

PH&LE

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Introduction: Training in the cadet corps involves an increase in motor activity, which affects the level of functional capabilities of adaptation systems. The objective of our work was to study the features of functional reserves of the cardiorespiratory system in cadets. Materials and methods: The observation group consisted of 74 cadets aged 10–13 years; the comparison group consisted of 26 secondary school boys. The study of the mode of physical activity was carried out using a questionnaire. Evaluation of fitness and physical performance was carried out according to bioimpedance analysis of body composition and dynamometry. The functional state of the cardiorespiratory system was assessed by the parameters of the breath holding test during inhalation and exhalation, the Skibinskaya index, spirography, cardiointervalography with an active clinoorthostatic test. Statistical analysis was performed using standard methods. Results: Every second cadet regularly goes in for physical education and sports. The physical development of cadets is characterized by higher values of the phase angle, active cellular and musculoskeletal mass, and dynamometry. The functional reserves of the cardiorespiratory system according to the Skibinskaya index, the values of the breath holding time during inhalation and exhalation in cadets were 1.3–1.7 times higher than those in secondary school boys; the number of children with good test results in the observation group was 1.4-3.3 times more than that in the controls. The indices of cardiointervalography (variation range, vegetative balance index, vegetative balance index, and tension index) in cadets differed significantly from those in the comparison group (by 1.2–1.6 times) and indicated the activation of the parasympathetic part of the autonomic nervous system at rest and the activity of the sympathetic part under load in response to a stress factor. Every third child in the observation group had an initial vagotonia; hypersympathicotonia was found in isolated cases. A hypersympathicotonic variant of autonomic reactivity was registered in 60.8 % of cadets during the exercise test. Conclusion: Sufficient physical activity of cadets improves the indices of physical development and muscle strength, which is accompanied by an increase in the functional reserves of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. However, the presence of hypersympathicotonic autonomic reactivity may indicate tension of adaptation processes during exercise.

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Phase angle is associated with cardiorespiratory fitness and body composition in children aged between 9 and 11 years

Cited by 28 publications

References 28 publications

Age-, sex-, and maturity-associated variation in the phase angle after adjusting for size in adolescents

Age-, sex-, and maturity-associated variation in the phase angle after adjusting for size in adolescents

Body Composition and Bioelectrical-Impedance-Analysis-Derived Raw Variables in Pole Dancers

Assessment of Functional Reserves of the Cardiorespiratory System in Students of Cadet Corps

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