Pharmacological Studies on Fatigue I

Takagi, Keijiro; Saito, Hiroshi; Lee, Chi H.; Hayashi, Tomiko

doi:10.1254/jjp.22.17

Cited by 10 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…In experiment 1, the decreases of the step-through latency of testing were shown in the group of 30 minutes or 3 hours of exercise time, but there were no significant differences between them and control group. In oscillating exercise for 30 minutes, we could not find the influence of exercise to motor activity, motor incoordination, muscle tone, and body temperature (7) . The decrease of step-through latency shown in the group of 30 minutes might indicate the increased effect of exploratory activity in mice.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

The Effect of Exercise on One Trial Passive Avoidance Learning in Mice

Saitô

Lee

Soeda

et al. 1971

The Annual of Animal Psychology

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 59%

The Effect of Exercise on One Trial Passive Avoidance Learning in Mice

Saitô

Lee

Soeda

et al. 1971

The Annual of Animal Psychology

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“…Moreover, evaluation methods of anti-fatigue effect or pharmacological methods to investigate effects of drugs on exhausted states of animals have not been gener ally established. In our report (12), five methods were utilized to measure states of fatigue:…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Panax Ginseng Root on Exhaustive Exercise in Mice

1974

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Abstract-Effects of extracts obtained from Panax Ginseng root on recovery frorr exhaustion, were studied using six methods: exploratory movement (EM), hole cross (HC), rotating rod (RR), sliding angle (SA), spring balance (SB) and rectal temp. (RT) tests. Four hr oscillation movements were used as enforced exercise. Drugs were injected i.p. immediately following the exercise. Water extract significantly accelerated the recovery of exploratory movements, increased motor activity index in EM test and elevated rectal temp. However, water extract decreased the index in HC test and grip tone in SB test. Anti-fatigue effects of Ginsenoside RgI were obvi ous in every test. Lipophilic fraction significantly speeded up recovery from fatigue in EM, RR, RT and SB tests, but delayed recovery in HC and SA tests. Neutral saponins fraction had no effect on recovery in the 6 tests. In the EM tests, devised to measure two kinds of exploratory movements of fatigued mice and their spon taneous movement, methamphetamine (2 mg/kg), caffeine (25 and 50 mg/kg), 2 -dimethylaminocthanol (25 mg/kg) and glucose (100 and 200 mg/kg) significantly speeded up the recovery of these two exploratory movements, and increased the spon taneous movement.Panax Ginseng root, widely utilized in China, Korea and Japan, is believed to have anti-fatigue and anti-hypothernmal activities. It has also been used to develop physical strength after illness. Petkov (1, 2, 3) reported that water-alcohol extracts of Ginseng root produced CNS-stimulant and analeptic activities. Brekhrnan and Dardymov (4) reported on the adaptogenic activity of Ginseng root and found that panaxosides and their genins produced unusually strong stimulant action. Few reports concerning anti-fatigue activity of Ginseng root have been published. The experiments previously done entailed mice swimming in water (5, 6, 7) and running up an apparently endless rope (8). In our laboratory, pharmacological properties of the extracts from Ginseng root have been studied (9). Slight CNS-stimulant action was found in a crude saponin fraction (GNo. 4) main component of which was Ginsenoside Rgl (GRgl), and lypophilic fraction (GNo. 5).These fractions were presumed to have anti-fatigue activity.The present research was an attempt to determine a simple pharmacological screening method for anti-fatigue activity and an investigation of the effect of Ginseng root on ex hausted animals.

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“…5) Motor incoordination in mice 1) Rotating rod, 2) sliding angle and 3) spring balance tests described by Takagi et al (15), were employed for the measurements of motor incoordination and relaxation of muscle tone. Male mice in groups of 8, weighing 18-20 g, were tested foll owing i.p.…”

Section: ) Climbing Test In Micementioning

confidence: 99%

Pharmacological Studies of Neutral Saponins (Gns) of Panax Ginseng Root

1973

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Abstract-Pharmacological studies of neutral saponins (GNS) of Panax Ginseng root, were performed.GNS showed CNS-depressant action in inhibition of spontaneous and exploratory movements, and in potentiation of CNS-depressant.A specific blocking action of conditioned response by GNS was significantly confirmed in small doses and did not produce loss of righting reflex, motor incoordination or myorelaxation.Analgesic, anticonvulsant and antipyretic effects were recognized. From the tests described above in addition to those of traction, hypothermia, fighting behavior and ratio of two reflexes, GNS appears to have neuroleptic activity. There was neither hemolytic nor vasodilator action on the hind leg or coronary vascular beds.It is said that the Chinese medicine Ginseng root has some effect on the central nervous system and several reports concerning neuropharmacological properties of Ginseng root have so far been published (1-7). Stimulant action was proved by Brekhman and his co-workers with mice swimming in water (1), and running up an endless rope (2). Petkov (7) also reported the stimulant effect of water-alcohol extracts on the central nervous system and analeptic activity, while on the contrary, antialarm action has also been reported (3-6).In our laboratory, a number of relatively simple tests were employed to obtain a pharmacological spectrum of the activity of extracts, which had been supplied from Shibata et al. (8). From these results, a crude saponin fraction (G. NO. 3) and GNS, a mixture of neutral saponins, were estimated as having neuroleptic activity (9, 10).The present study is an attempt to investigate neuroleptic properties of GNS. MATERIALS AND METHODSGNS is a mixture of neutral saponins mainly composed of Ginsenoside-Rb1, -Rb2and -Rc. Details of the separation have been described by Shibata et al. (8). The solution of GNS was prepared with physiological saline with the following methods being employed :1) Acute toxicity in mice Male mice (ddy-strain), weighing 18-21 g, were used and the intravenous, intraperitoneal and oral LD,,, were determined. Mortality was recorded 72 hr after administration. Intraperitoneal and oral LD50 were calculated by the method of Behrens-Karber (11). Intravenous LD50 was done by the up and down method.

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Pharmacological Studies on Fatigue I

Cited by 10 publications

References 5 publications

The Effect of Exercise on One Trial Passive Avoidance Learning in Mice

The Effect of Exercise on One Trial Passive Avoidance Learning in Mice

Effect of Panax Ginseng Root on Exhaustive Exercise in Mice

Pharmacological Studies of Neutral Saponins (Gns) of Panax Ginseng Root

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