“…Pharmacological activities of EPs 7630 and several of its isolated constituents, such as moderate direct antibacterial and antiviral action and notable immune-modulatory capabilities, have been demonstrated in in-vitro-evaluations: 17 Immune-modulatory activities are mediated mainly by the release of tumor necrosis factor α and nitric oxides, the stimulation of interferon-β, and an increase in natural killer cell activity. [18][19][20][21] Biological activities also observed during in-vitro experiments include an improved phagocytosis, oxidative burst and intracellular killing by human peripheral blood phagocytes, and an inhibition of the interaction between group-A streptococci and host epithelia 22,23 as well as increased stress resistance. 24 Moreover, EPs 7630 was found to be a potent HIV-1 attachment inhibitor 25 and to interfere with the replication of seasonal influenza A virus strains (H1N1, H3N2), respiratory syncytial virus, human coronavirus, parainfluenza virus, and coxsackie virus.…”