Pharmacokinetics of imidocarb dipropionate in white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus) after single intramuscular administration

Abstract

This study was designed to investigate the pharmacokinetics of imidocarb, a carbanilide derivative, in white‐tailed deer (Odocoileus virginianus). The pharmacokinetic properties of a single intramuscular (IM) dose of imidocarb were determined in 10 deer. A single IM injection of 3.0 mg/kg imidocarb dipropionate was administered, and blood samples were collected prior to, and up to 48 hr after imidocarb administration. Plasma imidocarb concentrations were determined by high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. The disposition of plasma imidocarb was best characterized by a two‐compartment open model. The mean ± SE maximal imidocarb concentration in deer was 880.78 ± 81.12 ng/ml at 38.63 ± 5.30 min postinjection. The distribution phase had a half‐life (t1/2α) of 25.90 ± 10.21 min, and plasma imidocarb concentration declined with a terminal elimination half‐life (t1/2β) of 464.06 ± 104.08 min (7.73 ± 1.73 hr). Apparent volume of distribution based on the terminal phase (VZ/F) was 9.20 ± 2.70 L/kg, and apparent total body clearance (Cl/F) was 15.97 ± 1.28 ml min−1 kg−1.

Pharmacokinetics and bioequivalence of two imidocarb formulations in cattle after subcutaneous injection

“…In the test group, IMD was quickly absorbed and detected in all treated animals in 10 min after administration. A plateau of the concentration was 2257.5±273.62 ng/mL in 2.14±0.67 h. It was eliminated very slowly with T 1/2 31.77±25.75 h, which is much longer than elimination in swine (T 1/2 13.91±2.73 h) [1], dogs (T 1/2 3.45±0.75 h) and goats (T 1/2 4.18±1.57 h, 7.73±1.73 h) [32], horses (5.14±2.84 h) [31] and white-tailed deer (7.73±1.73 h) [7]. This may be due to the differences in animal species and administration routes.…”

“…Its chemistry belongs to the family of carbanilide derivatives (3,3 0 -bis (2-imidazolin-2-yl)-carbanilide). It has been used for more than 40 years for treatment and prophylaxis of protozoal diseases including babesiosis and anaplasmosis in farm animals [6][7][8]. It has been reported to successfully cure cattle with very severe infections of Babesia bigemina by intramuscular and intravenous injection at 1 mg/kg�bw.…”

Imidocarb Use in Animals

“…In the study performed at a dose of 3 mg/kg (IM) in white-tailed deer, it was determined that the C max level of the drug was 880 ng/ml, the T max time was 38.63 minutes, the half-life was 7.73 hours, and it was generally rapidly dispersed and partially eliminated (Milnes et al, 2020).…”

Residue Depletion of Imidocarb in Bovine Tissues by UPLC-MS/MS

“…Imidocarb (IMD) is a carbanilide derivative with molecular formula C 19 H 20 N 6 O and the molecular structure is shown in Figure 1. The dipropionate salt of imidocarb (IMDP) can be used to treat protozoan parasite diseases including babesiosis, anaplasmosis and eperythrozoonosis [5][6][7]. Research on veterinary drug residues in edible animal tissues is of fundamental importance for public health.…”