Pharmacokinetics and tissue elimination of tulathromycin following subcutaneous administration in meat goats

Abstract

On the basis of the tissue tolerance limit in cattle of 5 ppm (μg/g), the calculated withdrawal interval for tulathromycin would be 19 days following SC administration in goats. On the basis of the more stringent guidelines recommended by the FDA, the calculated meat withdrawal interval following tulathromycin administration in goats was 34 days.

Pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in edible tissues of healthy and experimentally infected pigs withActinobacillus pleuropneumoniae

“…Those studies were performed mainly with healthy animals and most of them were focused on the pharmacokinetics in lung tissue, as a target organ Nowakowski et al 2004;Cox et al 2010;Villarino et al 2012;Villarino et al 2013bVillarino et al , 2013c. So far, only a few studies deals with the determination of tulathromycin in muscle and other edible tissues of pigs, cattle or goats (EMEA 2004;Boner and Gottschall 2011;Clothier et al 2012;Romanet et al 2012). According to the EMA report the residue A c c e p t e d M a n u s c r i p t concentrations of tulathromycin in the pig liver were 1700, 960, 730, 280 and 150 μg kg -1 on days 5, 12, 18, 25 and 36 after treatment.…”

“…Therefore, it is reasonable to expect that the influence of the inflammatory response on the tissue kinetics of a drug will be change with time (Villarino et al 2013b). Although some studies have been published regarding pharmacokinetics of tulathromycin in food producing animals Nowakowski et al 2004;Cox et al 2010;Clothier et al 2011;Young et al 2011;Romanet et al 2012;Wang et al 2012;Villarino et al 2013bVillarino et al , 2013cGrismer et al The therapeutic use of tulathromycin in food producing animals must be assessed not only in terms of good clinical efficacy but also considering the risk of the presence of residues in edible tissues. There is a strict legislative framework controlling the use of antibiotics, with the aim of minimizing the risk to human health associated with consumption of their residues.…”

Effect of tulathromycin on abomasal emptying rate in healthy lactating goats

“…One week later, goats received an IV injection of tulathromycin (2.5 mg/kg BW) into the right jugular vein using a needle and syringe after clipping the venipuncture site and scrubbing with tincture of iodine (2.5%). Six weeks later goats received an IM injection of tulathromycin (2.5 mg/kg BW) into the semimembranosus muscle; the duration between tulathromycin injections was to ensure adequate clearance of tulathromycin, based on an estimated mean half-life after IV injection of 4.1 days in these goats (Amer et al, 2012) and 2.5-4.6 days after SC injection in juvenile and market aged goats (Clothier et al, 2011;Young et al, 2011;Romanet et al, 2012). A wash out period of a week was considered adequate for complete clearance of acetaminophen, based on pharmacokinetic studies in cattle (Grochowina and Janus, 2007;Ehsani-Kheradgerdi et al, 2011) and sheep (Sharifi et al, 2009).…”

Development and validation of determinative and confirmatory LC–MS/MS methodologies for total florfenicol and tulathromycin residues in bovine, equine and porcine kidney, liver and muscle tissues

“…For tulathromyicin residues, there are very few publications that report the determination of total tulathromycin as the acid-hydrolysis product CP-60,300 [5,9], while much of the available literature determines the predominant parent compound, tulathromycin A [10]. When acid hydrolysis conditions are used for the formation of FFA from florfenicol residues, conditions typically utilize 6 N HCl, 95 • C, for 1-2 h. In contrast, for the formation of CP-60,300 from tulathromycin residues, the reported conditions are less vigorous, utilizing 2 N HCl, 60 • C, for 1 h. Cleanup conditions for the acid-hydrolysate solutions differ between the two compounds.…”