Pharmacognosy, Phytochemical Study and Antioxidant Activity of Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll. Ex Miq. Leaves

Abstract

Original Article INTRODUCTIONIndonesia Nation is rich in flora diversity. Many native plants of Indonesia that still need development for treatment, one of them from the genus Sterculia. The genus was present in tropical and sub-tropical regions, with a number of species 1100. The tree or shrub with simple leaves with flat or toothed edges, unisexual flowers, with 5 petals, some of which have an unpleasant odor as an example of Sterculia foetida in Indonesia is known by the name of Kepuh. There is no report about pharmacognosy and phytochemical study with this plant.Objective: The main aim of this research is to establish pharmacognosy, phytochemical study and antioxidant activity of Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll.ex. Miq. Leaves. The plant used to cure many diseases of Indonesia. Methods: In the present study, pharmacognosy and phytochemical study of plant material were performed as per the Indonesian Herb Pharmacopoeia. Results: Microscopy powder of Sterculia rubiginosa Zoll.ex. Miq. Leaves shows star shape trichoma as a specific fragment. Physicochemical parameters including total ash (17.152 %), acid-insoluble ash (0.922 %), water-soluble extractive (1.610 % w/w), alcohol-soluble extractive (4.524 % w/w), hexane-soluble extractive (4.005 % w/w), and ethyl acetate-soluble extractive (3.160 % w/w) were evaluated. Phytochemical screening of ethanol extracts showed the presence of tannins, flavonoids, alkaloids, steroids-terpenoids, glycosides, and phenols. And absent of saponins and Anthraquinones. Antioxidant activity with IC 50 157, 4665 ppm and flavonoid total was 59.436 mg/g quercetin equivalent. Conclusion: The pharmacognosy, physiochemical, and phytochemical evaluation provides information for the safety, identification, and class of chemical constituent's presents in this crude extract.

Quality Control of Herbal Medicines: From Traditional Techniques to State-of-the-art Approaches

“…posed the detection of secondary metabolites by classical phytochemical tests when defining quality standards for medicinal plant species [65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74] (Table 2S, Supporting Information). Among the reviewed phytochemical screening studies, the most frequently used tests were those aimed at detecting the presence of flavonoids and other polyphenols, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids.…”

“…Although these tests have been used historically for identification purposes, especially before the popularization of modern chromatographic techniques, most of them show poor specificity and, therefore, the WHO has discouraged their inclusion in pharmacopeial monographs, unless they can provide useful information 10 . Nevertheless, several authors, mainly in developing countries, have proposed the detection of secondary metabolites by classical phytochemical tests when defining quality standards for medicinal plant species 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 72 , 73 , 74 ( Table 2S , Supporting Information). Among the reviewed phytochemical screening studies, the most frequently used tests were those aimed at detecting the presence of flavonoids and other polyphenols, tannins, alkaloids, saponins, steroids, and triterpenoids.…”

Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Effect of Mentha rotundifolia Extracts

“…Configurations, substitutions and amounts of hydroxyl groups substantially affect some mechanisms of antioxidant activity. 24 a synergistic or antagonistic effect between the major and minor compounds also proposed to explain the effect of the extracts.…”