Pharmaceutical applications of citric acid

Nangare, Sopan; Vispute, Yogini; Tade, Rahul S.; Dugam, Shailesh; Patil, Pravin O.

doi:10.1186/s43094-021-00203-9

Cited by 40 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…The medicinal value of these compounds was already reported by many researchers i.e., in many food and pharmaceutical industries, citric acid is used as an emulsifier, flavorant, sequestrant, buffering, acidulant, and preservative (Verhoff, 2000;Nangare et al, 2021). Quininic acid is one of the organic acids, and it was also extracted from Eucalyptus globulus and employed as an astringent and a precursor for the synthesis of novel medications (Shi et al, 2018).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GC-MS-based metabolomics analysis unravels the therapeutic potential of Neolamarckia cadamba fruit peel

Selvakumar

Paranidharan

Vellaikumar

et al. 2022

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Kadam (Neolamarckia cadamba (Roxb.) is an evergreen tropical tree widely grown in Asia, particularly in India. Neolamarckia cadamba commonly known as kadam, cadamba or burflower tree. The roots, leaves, barks, and fruits of N. cadamba possess medicinal properties and are commonly used in the pharmaceutical industry. Fruit peels are the main waste and may contain various biologically active compounds. However, no prior knowledge about the therapeutic compounds of the peel. The objective of the present study was to unveil therapeutic compounds from the peel by Gas Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) based metabolomics analysis. Metabolites from the kadam fruit peel were isolated and derivatized using MSTFA, characterized by the GC-MS analysis. Raw spectral data were pre-processed, and peak identification was performed using SHIMADZU Postrun analyse software. The metabolites in N. cadamba fruit peel were identified by comparing the peaks with the mass spectral reference database NIST v20. The results showed that the peel of kadam fruit contains 149 metabolites, which were further categorized into 46 different metabolite classes, with 52 different metabolic pathways and 63 biological functions. The principal roles of the metabolites were identified by functional annotation and enrichment analysis. It revealed that metabolites were responsible for anti-inflammation, anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, and anti-cancer properties. In summary, the peel of kadam fruit also contains various therapeutic compounds like other cadamba parts (i.e., roots, leaves, barks, and fruits). Further, comparing the peel with other parts discloses the peel-specific metabolites. The results obtained in this study could be useful for the pharmaceutical industry.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

GC-MS-based metabolomics analysis unravels the therapeutic potential of Neolamarckia cadamba fruit peel

Selvakumar

Paranidharan

Vellaikumar

et al. 2022

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“…The surface that was created is hemocompatible and allows for endothelization, while inhibiting smooth muscle cell adhesion and proliferation, overall improving the biocompatibility of the Mg alloy stents [ 105 , 106 ]. Extensive reviews of the role of citric acid as a crosslinker can be found in references [ 107 , 108 ].…”

Section: Citric Acid In Formulationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Citric Acid: A Multifunctional Pharmaceutical Excipient

et al. 2022

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Citric acid, a tricarboxylic acid, has found wide application in the chemical and pharmaceutical industry due to its biocompatibility, versatility, and green, environmentally friendly chemistry. This review emphasizes the pharmaceutical uses of citric acid as a strategic ingredient in drug formulation while focusing on the impact of its physicochemical properties. The functionality of citric acid is due to its three carboxylic groups and one hydroxyl group. These allow it to be used in many ways, including its ability to be used as a crosslinker to form biodegradable polymers and as a co-former in co-amorphous and co-crystal applications. This paper also analyzes the effect of citric acid in physiological processes and how this effect can be used to enhance the attributes of pharmaceutical preparations, as well as providing a critical discussion on the issues that may arise out of the presence of citric acid in formulations.

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“…Citric acid (H 4 Cit) is an essential component of the Krebs cycle and a universal intermediate in plant and animal metabolism. Its biocompatibility, hydrophilicity and general safety make citric acid a common component in foodstuffs, beverages, pharmaceuticals, cosmetics, etc (Nangare et al, 2021). Recently, Varbanets and co-workers have reported that germanium coordination compounds with citric acid combined with a second metal and ligand, such as Co and 1,10phenanthroline (phen), show high antihypoxic, cerebroprotective properties and have an activation effect on enzymes (Lukianchuk et al, 2019;Gudzenko et al, 2019a,b).…”

Section: Chemical Contextmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crystal structure of bis[cis-diaquabis(phenanthroline)cobalt(II)] bis(citrato)germanate(IV) dinitrate

Buchko¹,

Dyakonenko²,

Марцинко³

et al. 2021

Acta Cryst E

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The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Co(C12H8N2)2(H2O)2]2[Ge(C6H5O7)2](NO3)2, features two complex [(C12H8N2)2(H2O)2Co]2+ cations, two NO3 − anions as well as one centrosymmetric [(C6H5O7)2Ge]2− anion. Two HCit ligands (Cit = citrate, C6H4O7) each coordinate via three different oxygen atoms (hydroxylate, α-carboxylate, β-carboxylate) to the Ge atom, forming a slightly distorted octahedron. The coordination polyhedron of the Co atom is also octahedral, formed by coordination of four nitrogen atoms from two phenanthroline molecules and two water oxygen atoms. In the crystal, the cations and anions are linked by hydrogen bonds and form layers parallel to the bc plane. The structure exhibits disorder of the NO3 − anion [disorder ratio 0.688 (9) to 0.312 (9)]. There are also highly disordered solvent molecules (presumably water and/or ethanol) in the crystal structure; explicit refinement of these molecules was not possible, and the content of the voids was instead taken into account using reverse Fourier transform methods [SQUEEZE procedure in PLATON; Spek (2015). Acta Cryst. C71, 9–18]. The given chemical formula and other crystal data do not take into account the unknown solvent molecule(s).

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Pharmaceutical applications of citric acid

Cited by 40 publications

References 51 publications

GC-MS-based metabolomics analysis unravels the therapeutic potential of Neolamarckia cadamba fruit peel

GC-MS-based metabolomics analysis unravels the therapeutic potential of Neolamarckia cadamba fruit peel

Citric Acid: A Multifunctional Pharmaceutical Excipient

Crystal structure of bis[cis-diaquabis(phenanthroline)cobalt(II)] bis(citrato)germanate(IV) dinitrate

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