Background Citric acid (CA) is a universal plant and animal-metabolism intermediate. It is a commodity chemical processed and widely used around the world as an excellent pharmaceutical excipient. Notably, CA is offering assorted significant properties viz. biodegradability, biocompatibility, hydrophilicity, safety, etc. Therefore, CA is broadly employed in many sectors including foodstuffs, beverages, pharmaceuticals, nutraceuticals, and cosmetics as a flavoring agent, sequestering agent, buffering agent, etc. From the beginning, CA is a regular ingredient for cosmetic pH-adjustment and as a metallic ion chelator in antioxidant systems. In addition, it is used to improve the taste of pharmaceuticals such as syrups, solutions, elixirs, etc. Furthermore, free CA is also employed as an acidulant in mild astringent preparations. Main text In essence, it is estimated that the functionality present in CA provides excellent assets in pharmaceutical applications such as cross-linking, release-modifying capacity, interaction with molecules, capping and coating agent, branched polymer nanoconjugates, gas generating agent, etc. Mainly, the center of attention of the review is to deliver an impression of the CA-based pharmaceutical applications. Conclusion In conclusion, CA is reconnoitered for multiple novels pharmaceutical and biomedical/applications including as a green crosslinker, release modifier, monomer/branched polymer, capping and coating agent, novel disintegrant, absorption enhancer, etc. In the future, CA can be utilized as an excellent substitute for pharmaceutical and biomedical applications. Graphical abstract
Aegle marmelos (A. marmelos Corr., Rutaceace) known as bael is found from pre-historic time. It belongs of Indian origin. It has abundant allegorical importance for Hindus. A. marmelos is available in diverse varieties viz. Pant Aparna, Pant Urvashi, Narendra bael-5, Narendra bael-6, Pant Sujata, Pant Shivani, CISHB-1, CISHB-2, etc. Wholly parts of the A. marmelos tree have medicinal values and have been used as medicine for a long time. A. marmelos has different classes of compounds including coumarins, alkaloids, terpenoids, fatty acids, amino acids, etc. This plant has a strong potential to treat diseases including diarrhea, dysentery, anti-bacterial, anti-fungal, diabetes, peptic ulcer, inflammation, etc. Besides, it provided anticancer, cardio-protective, antipyretic, analgesic, constipation, antioxidant, wound healing activity. The gum obtained from bael fruits has great potential in sustaining the delivery of the drug. The marketed products of A. marmelos are Chyawanprash, A. marmelos capsules, Capsule Bilv Giri, Entrostat Syrup, Ojamin, Vilwadigulika, etc. Other products made from fruit are jam, slab, dehydrated bael, fruit squash, fruit pulp Bael powder, toffee, and ready to serve (RTS) drink. Recently lots of work on different parts of bael has been establishing scientific proof for its traditional claims. Hence, it is essential to compile the current findings along with the preceding work, which will assist the researchers to find all the literature on A. marmelos. Overall, the present overview deals with general, traditional, phytopharmaceutical, pharmacological, chemical profile, and economic importance like pharmaceutical and other applications.
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