Petri Net-Based Specification of Cyber-Physical Systems Oriented to Control Direct Matrix Converters With Space Vector Modulation

Abstract

This paper proposes a Petri-net-based specification of cyber-physical systems dedicated to the control of a direct matrix converter with space vector modulation (SVM) and transistor commutation. The technique employed is further applied for hardware implementation in a programmable logic device [namely, field-programmable gate array (FPGA)]. Contrary to the traditional SVM computation methods, concurrency aspects of the digital devices are highly utilized in the presented solution. Therefore, the hardware system is specified by a live and safe Petri net, which is based on the parallelism. Moreover, such a specification can be easily analyzed and verified against the structural properties in order to avoid formal errors and prototyping mistakes (such as deadlocks or non-reachable states). The proposed idea is illustrated by a case-study example of the real prototype of the SVM algorithm. The system has been specified by a live and safe Petri net, analyzed, verified, and finally implemented in the FPGA device. The obtained results of the physical implementation are presented and discussed.

Determinism in Cyber-Physical Systems Specified by Interpreted Petri Nets

“…Its main advantage lies in the natural reflection of the concurrency relations in the modelled system, which is essential in designing a system to be implemented on digital circuits, such as Field Programmable Gate Array (FPGA) devices [ 46 , 47 ]. Moreover, it can be decomposed (if needed) into smaller parts (modules), and each one can then be implemented in a separate device [ 20 , 47 ]. Formally, a Petri net can be defined as follows.…”

“…Hybrid Predicate Transition Nets (HPrTNs), related to hybrid automata, for the modelling and analysing of CPSs are introduced in [ 19 ]. In [ 20 ], Petri nets are applied for the specification of a CPS dedicated to the control of a direct matrix converter with space vector modulation and transistor commutation [ 21 ]. A model-integrated development approach through a wide use of models is introduced in [ 22 ], covering all aspects of the hardware and software components and their interactions.…”

Challenges and Design Requirements for Industrial Applications of AC/AC Power Converters without DC-Link

“…The solution to this problem may be the rapid development of FPGAs, which has occurred in recent years. In the scientific literature, first articles related to the implementation of complete MC control algorithms implemented solely on FPGA have appeared [30,31]. Such an implementation is much more difficult when advanced mathematical functions such as trigonometric functions are used.…”

Design of Petri Net-Based Cyber-Physical Systems Oriented on the Implementation in Field Programmable Gate Arrays

“…In general, the first (cyber) part manages the objects and makes decisions, while the physical part refers to the real world and is prone to environmental influences. CPSs are widely used in various domains of human life and industry, including medical and health-care systems [4,5], vehicular and transportation systems [6], marine industry [7], smart building and cities [8][9][10], electric power grids and energy systems [11,12], and many others [13]. Cyber-physical systems are often implemented as concurrent systems, which allows the execution of multiple operations at the same time (simultaneously) [14].…”