Pesticide movement into subsurface drains on a loamy silt soil

Traub-Eberhard, Ute; Kördel, Werner; Klein, W.

doi:10.1016/0045-6535(94)90124-4

Cited by 36 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Thus, comparing the two compounds, a 100‐times difference in leaching simulated without macropore flow is reduced to a four‐fold difference when macropore flow is accounted for. This prediction is in qualitative agreement with the results of the limited number of field studies that have investigated macropore flow effects on pesticide leaching with compounds of different sorption characteristics 9–11. 37 Since macropore flow tends to reduce the significance of pesticide properties ( K oc and half‐life), reductions in dose become a more attractive and effective means of reducing leaching in structured soils.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

“…Despite the wide range of pesticide properties, there were remarkably small differences (<30 times) in total leaching losses between compounds. In a field study on a tile‐drained silty loam soil (17 to 26% clay) in central Germany, Traub‐Eberhard et al 10 demonstrated that macropore flow was an important transport pathway as both isoproturon ( K oc 130 cm 3 g −1 and half‐life 15–21 days) and pendimethalin ( K oc 4009 cm 3 g −1 and half‐life 90–120 days) were found in the first drainflow after pesticide application. However, total leaching expressed as percentage of the applied dose was more than 90 times larger for isoproturon than for pendimethalin.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Quantifying interactions between compound properties and macropore flow effects on pesticide leaching

Larsson¹,

Jarvis²

2000

Pest Manag. Sci.

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The objective of this study was to investigate the interactions between compound properties and macropore flow effects on pesticide leaching. To this end, the dual‐porosity MACRO model was used to simulate leaching of 60 hypothetical compounds with widely differing sorption and degradation characteristics using a pre‐calibrated scenario from Lanna, south‐west Sweden, representing a structured clay soil. The model predicts that, in the worst case, macropore flow increases leaching by more than four orders of magnitude for moderately to strongly sorbed compounds with relatively short half‐lives. However, it was also notable that leaching of some very mobile compounds is actually reduced by macropore flow. For pesticides leaching between 0.0001 and 10% of the applied dose (without macropore flow), the impact of pesticide properties on leaching is markedly reduced. This suggests that reductions in applied dose become a relatively more attractive and effective means of decreasing leaching from structured soils. © 2000 Society of Chemical Industry

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Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 81%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Quantifying interactions between compound properties and macropore flow effects on pesticide leaching

Larsson¹,

Jarvis²

2000

Pest Manag. Sci.

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“…Most studies of pesticide leaching to drains do not discriminate between solute and particle‐bound pesticide 29, 43, 44. The few available field studies suggest that only a minor part of the observed leaching of strongly sorbed pesticides in structured soil is accounted for by particulate and colloid‐bound pesticide.…”

Section: Pesticide Transport To and Between Drainsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is tile drainage water representative of root zone leaching of pesticides?

Jacobsen

Kjaer

2007

Pest Management Science

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Given the methods presently available, determination of flux-averaged concentrations of pesticides in structured soils is always a compromise. Most of the available methods entail major uncertainties and limitations. Tile drainage monitoring has several advantages, but the extent to which it is representative of overall leaching has been questioned because it comprises a mixture of water of different origins. This literature review evaluates whether drainage water pesticide concentrations are representative of root zone leaching of pesticides. As there are no reports quantifying the extent to which the flux-averaged concentration of pesticides in drainage water differs from that found between the drains, evidence-based conclusions cannot be drawn. Nevertheless, the existing literature does suggest that the concentration in drainage water does not always correspond to the concentration at drain depth between the drains; depending on the conditions pertaining, the concentrations may be higher or lower. As to whether the flux-averaged concentration of pesticides in drainage water is representative of the interdrain concentration at drain depth it is concluded that (1) the representativeness of drainage water concentrations can be questioned on very well-drained soils and on poorly drained soils with little capacity for lateral transport beneath the plough layer, (2) the conditions provided by relatively porous soils and moderate climatic conditions are conducive to the drainage water concentration being representative and (3) drainage water will be more representative in the case of weakly sorbed pesticides than for strongly sorbed pesticides. Used critically, it is thus believed that drainage water concentrations can serve to characterize the flux-averaged concentration of pesticides at drain depth. However, the use of drainage water for determining average concentrations necessitates thorough investigation and interpretation of precipitation, percolation, drain outflow and concentration dynamics.

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“…When preferential flow occurs, water containing chemicals bypasses the soil matrix and reaches tile drains. Many researchers have reported rapid movement in tile‐drained fields of conservative tracers (Everts and Kanwar, 1990; Bronswijk et al, 1995) and reactive inorganic (Baker and Johnson, 1981; Kladivko et al, 1991; Davis et al, 2000) and organic (Kladivko et al, 1991; Southwick et al, 1992; Traub‐Eberhard et al, 1993; Phillips et al, 1999; Elliott et al, 2000) chemicals. Very few experiments studying the movement of pesticides in tile‐drained fields have used conservative tracers (either Br − or Cl − ) as indicators of the water flux (Steenhuis et al, 1990; Czapar et al, 1994; Zehe and Flühler, 2001).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Preferential Bromide and Pesticide Movement to Tile Drains under Different Cropping Practices

Fortin

Gagnon-Bertrand²,

Vézina

et al. 2002

J of Env Quality

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Subsurface drainage systems are useful tools to study chemical leaching in soils. Our objective was to compare the breakthrough behavior of bromide, atrazine (2-chloro-4-ethylamino-6-isopropylamino-s-triazine) and metolachlor [2-chloro-N-(2-ethyl-6-methylphenyl)-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl) acetamid] to tile drains under two fall tillage practices (conventional tillage [CT] with a moldboard plow, and reduced tillage [RT] with a chisel plow) in field plots cultivated with corn (Zea mays L.). Leachate volume were greater in RT than in CT, with no statistical differences. Soil analysis showed that bromide migrated deeper in the soil profile than both herbicides, with little tillage effect. All chemicals were detected in drainage water at the same time and followed an event-driven behavior. Tillage had no effect on atrazine and metolachlor found in drainage water, while bromide concentration peaks were higher in RT than in CT in 1999. Concentration peaks were recorded earlier for atrazine and metolachlor than for bromide. Plots of cumulative relative chemical mass (cumulative mass divided by total mass measured in drainage) as a function of cumulative drainage were mostly linear for bromide, while they were S-shaped for both herbicides. Drainage that corresponded to 50% of relative cumulative mass ranged from 40 to 55% for bromide and from 5 to 28% for both herbicides. Rapid chemical movement to tile drains suggested that preferential flow was important in both CT and RT, and that these tillage practices had little influence on this phenomena.

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Pesticide movement into subsurface drains on a loamy silt soil

Cited by 36 publications

References 5 publications

Quantifying interactions between compound properties and macropore flow effects on pesticide leaching

Quantifying interactions between compound properties and macropore flow effects on pesticide leaching

Is tile drainage water representative of root zone leaching of pesticides?

Preferential Bromide and Pesticide Movement to Tile Drains under Different Cropping Practices

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