Pesticide exposure to a greenhouse drencher

Stamper, J. H.; Nigg, H. N.; Mahon, W. D.; Nielsen, Alan; Royer, Michael D.

doi:10.1007/bf01699402

Cited by 24 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…that the amount of ethazole breaking through both cloths is similar [20,29,30], Comparison of non-treated against coated coveralls using a fluorescence method indicated that the coating much reduced the amounts penetrating by 1 h of use [27], As is recognised from other, more gen eral statements [17], choice of coverall material therefore…”

Section: Air Levels Of Pesticide During and At The End Of Sprayingmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Management of Pesticide Exposure in Greenhouses

Illing¹

1997

Indoor Built Environ

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The principles of risk assessment and risk management have been applied to the use of pesticides in greenhouses. Pesticide efficacy and safety require consideration of a number of exposure scenarios, and the optimal management procedure may need to take into account more than one of these. Worker exposure may occur during pesticide spraying and the subsequent handling of plant material. Exclusion and the wearing of personal protective equipment are occupational hygiene practices that are used to control human uptake arising from these exposures. The principal factor affecting exposure levels in air and their decay is the ventilation characteristics of the greenhouse, and is therefore site-specific. As the principal route of exposure of workers is dermal, and rates of penetration of pesticide through protective clothing vary, choice of protective clothing is also important. This paper demonstrates that there is a need for site-specific occupational hygiene advice when undertaking work in greenhouses.

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Section: Air Levels Of Pesticide During and At The End Of Sprayingmentioning

confidence: 88%

The Management of Pesticide Exposure in Greenhouses

Illing¹

1997

Indoor Built Environ

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“…Etridiazole is sold as the active ingredient in numerous commercial pesticides such as terrazole, Truban, and Banrot and has been used on golf courses, cotton ornaments, lawns, and agricultural seed products . In addition to occupational exposures, − etridiazole can be present in water and air near sites where it is frequently applied, , which may lead to low levels of intermittent exposure in the general population. Etridiazole is not typically found on food, , which suggests that the observed exposure is unlikely to be a result of confounding via dietary patterns and associated habits.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposome Profiling of Environmental Pollutants in Seminal Plasma and Novel Associations with Semen Parameters

Wu,

Kalia,

Manz

et al. 2024

Environ. Sci. Technol.

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Indicators of male fertility are in decline globally, but the underlying causes, including the role of environmental exposures, are unclear. This study aimed to examine organic chemical pollutants in seminal plasma, including both known priority environmental chemicals and less studied chemicals, to identify uncharacterized male reproductive environmental toxicants. Semen samples were collected from 100 individuals and assessed for sperm concentration, percent motility, and total motile sperm. Targeted and nontargeted organic pollutant exposures were measured from seminal plasma using gas chromatography, which showed widespread detection of organic pollutants in seminal plasma across all exposure classes. We used principal component pursuit (PCP) on our targeted panel and derived one component (driven by etriadizole) associated with total motile sperm (p < 0.001) and concentration (p = 0.03). This was confirmed by the exposome-wide association models using individual chemicals, where etriadizole was negatively associated with total motile sperm (FDR q = 0.01) and concentration (q = 0.07). Using PCP on 814 nontargeted spectral peaks identified a component that was associated with total motile sperm (p = 0.001). Bayesian kernel machine regression identified one principal driver of this association, which was analytically confirmed to be N-nitrosodiethylamine. These findings are promising and consistent with experimental evidence showing that etridiazole and N-nitrosodiethylamine may be reproductive toxicants.

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“…As a con ned space, greenhouse application also is considered a high exposure risk. Stamper and colleagues presented individual, nonpooled exposure results for greenhouse applicators using ne-spray six-nozzle handguns (Stamper et al 1989a) and low-pressure single-nozzle handgun drenchers (Stamper et al 1989b) to apply Mavrik 22.3% EC ( uvalinate), Dursban 50% WP (chlorpyrifos), Truban 30% WP (ethazol), Kelthane 18.5% EC (dicofol), and Daconil 75% WP (chlorothalonil). All nineteen ethazol air samples were detectable, with respiratory exposure accounting for 82 ¹g/hr on average, or nearly 5% of total exposure.…”

Section: Applicatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Importance of Respiratory Exposure to Pesticides Among Agricultural Populations

Dowling

Seiber

2002

Int J Toxicol

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In the majority of cases, respiratory exposure accounts for a small fraction of total body exposure to pesticides; however, higher volatility pesticides pose a greater risk for exposure, particularly in enclosed spaces and near application sites. In 2000, nearly 22 million pounds of active ingredients designated as toxic air contaminants (TACs) were applied as pesticides in California (combined agricultural and reportable non-agricultural uses; California Department of Pesticide Regulation, 2001a, Summary of Pesticide Use Report Data, 2000, Sacramento, CA: author). Agricultural workers and agricultural community residents are at particular risk for exposure to these compounds. The TAC program in California, and more recently the federal Clean Air Act amendments, have begun to address the exposures of these groups and have promulgated exposure guidelines that are, in general, much more stringent than the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) and American Conference of Governmental Industrial Hygienists (ACGIH) worker exposure guidelines. Choosing lower volatility pesticides, lower concentrations of active ingredients, and handling equipment designed to minimize exposure can often reduce worker respiratory exposures significantly. The use of personal protective equipment, which would be facilitated by the development of more ergonomic alternatives, is important in these higher respiratory exposure situations. Finally, in the case of community residents, measures taken to protect workers often translate to lower ambient air concentrations, but further study and development of buffer zones and application controls in a given area are necessary to assure community protection.

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Pesticide exposure to a greenhouse drencher

Cited by 24 publications

References 3 publications

The Management of Pesticide Exposure in Greenhouses

The Management of Pesticide Exposure in Greenhouses

Exposome Profiling of Environmental Pollutants in Seminal Plasma and Novel Associations with Semen Parameters

Importance of Respiratory Exposure to Pesticides Among Agricultural Populations

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