Pesquisa e intervenção psicológica no Programa Antártico Brasileiro: Perspectivas metodológicas

Abstract

Ambientes Isolados, Confinados e Extremos são laboratórios naturais para estudos sobre o comportamento e, a Antártica, uma das regiões do mundo mais desafiadoras à psicofisiologia e à manutenção da vida. Este estudo teve como objetivo identificar os desafios e perspectivas da pesquisa e intervenção psicológica no ambiente antártico. O metodo deste estudo foi de tipo descritivo- exploratório e etnográfico com base em: (a) evidências da literatura acerca da pesquisa e intervenção psicológica na Antártica e (b) um estudo empírico, de natureza qualitativa, acerca da interação dos expedicionários (civis e militares) com o ambiente antártico, por meio de observações, entrevistas e acolhimentos, no início e ao final de uma missão de verão à Antártica. Os resultados indicaram que os principais desafios da pesquisa e intervenção na Antártica compreendem as limitações do setting e imprevisibilidade do contexto. Foi identificado que a exposição ao ambiente antártico influencia no surgimento de conflitos interpessoais, consumo de álcool, comportamentos de assédio e sentimentos negativos de afeto. Para concluira inserção de psicólogos na Antártica mostra-se um horizonte concreto de pesquisa e intervenção, tendo em vista as repercussões na saúde e no desempenho profissional de expedicionários.

Towards intersectional approaches to gendered change in Antarctic research

“…Antarctic cultures remain characterized by norms around exceptionality: the idea that Antarctic fieldwork is exempt from social norms, or that 'what happens in the field, stays in the field'. Nash et al (2019) identified significant barriers faced by women in Australian Antarctic fieldwork, which are similar to those identified in other Antarctic contexts (Starkweather et al 2018, Barros-Delben et al 2020). Among the striking findings published by Nash et al (2019) were high rates of sexual harassment in the field: 63% of women surveyed reported experiencing sexual harassment during Antarctic fieldwork.…”

“…(2019) identified significant barriers faced by women in Australian Antarctic fieldwork, which are similar to those identified in other Antarctic contexts (Starkweather et al . 2018, Barros-Delben et al 2020). Among the striking findings published by Nash et al .…”

“…In the Brazilian Antarctic context, Barros-Delben et al . (2020) also noted that the term ‘sexual harassment’ often is conflated with physical acts of violence, ignoring other forms of harassment such as unwanted sexual attention and gender harassment (Fig. 2; see National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine 2018), and that this might contribute to underestimation of the scope and severity of the problem of sexual harassment in Antarctic research.…”

“…Yet it is also an area where access, inclusivity and equity pose acute challenges to the participation, well-being and success of women, as well as members of other historically excluded groups. In their study of Australian Antarctic research, Nash et al (2019) identified a range of challenges that women Antarctic researchers face, from physical barriers, unpaid work and gender bias to lack of opportunities and sexual harassment (see also Nash & Nielsen 2020, Barros-Delben et al 2020. These challenges are widespread, manifesting both in Antarctic fieldwork and in other Antarctic work settings across the world, as has been underscored in numerous publications (see Bell & Koenig 2017, Starkweather et al 2018, Nash & Nielsen 2020 (Liggett & Herbert 2021).…”

Challenges and interpersonal dynamics during a two-person lunar analogue Arctic mission

“…Individual psychological adaption, group dynamics, performance, error management, safety, and individual health and wellbeing, and the interplay of these processes, have been identified as determining team adaptation outcomes (Sandal et al, 2006;Golden et al, 2018). Situation assessment, plan formulation and execution (Delben et al, 2020), together with interpersonal processes, coordination, and cognition (Maynard et al, 2015), have been identified as the processes driving team adaptation performance. Relevant team processes that contribute to adaptation include action processes-task execution behaviors such as performance monitoring and backup behaviors; transition processes-task organization behaviors such as mission analysis and goal specification; and interpersonal processes-which enable positive team member interactions through conflict and affect management (Maynard et al, 2015).…”