Pesantren dan Upaya Menangkal Tumbuhnya Radikalisme: Analisis Gagasan KH. Marzuki Mustamar

Abstract

Studi ini bertujuan untuk meneliti gagasan-gagasan seorang tokoh terkemuka Nahdlatul Ulama (NU), pimpinan Pondok Pesantren Sabilurrosyad Malang yaitu KH Marzuki Mustamar tentang upaya menangkal tumbuhnya paham radikalisme pada pondok pesantren. Melalui analisa hasil wawancara, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa yang terpenting dalam upaya menangkal tumbuhnya paham radikalisme di pesantren adalah kemampuan para kyai atau pengasuh pesantren dalam mengontekstualisasikan nilai-nilai ajaran Islam dengan konteks kehidupan yang ada dalam proses pembelajarannya. Melalui kemampuan ini, para santri akan menjadi tahu dan memahami bahwa ajaran Islam benar-benar relevan dengan kehidupan dan mampu membawa kemaslahatan bagi seluruh umat manusia. Dalam hal ini, para kyai atau para pengasuh pesantren bisa melakukannya melalui beberapa cara: pertama, memilih materi-materi atau kitab-kitab yang berpandangan moderat yaitu yang berpaham ahlussunnah, dan menafsirkan ulang terhadap materi-materi atau kitab-kitab yang tidak sesuai dengan konteks keindonesiaan. Kedua menanamkan kepada para santri nilai-nilai ketauhidan dan nilai-nilai kemanusiaan secara seimbang, ketiga, memberikan keteladanan dalam berperilaku toleran di masyarakat. Keempat membiasakan para santri berperilaku toleran melalui praktek langsung berbaur dengan masyarakat.

Islamic Moderation to Reduce Religious Radicalism in Indonesia

“…Islam has no time to correct the application of violence in spreading religion, understanding religion and understanding politics [27]. There are some characteristics of the radicalism movement [28]:…”

Variasi dan Fungsi Tindak Tutur dalam Ceramah KH. Marzuki Mustamar (Kajian Pragmatik)

“…Beliau merupakan ketua PWNU Jawa Timur. Beliau juga dikenal sebagai mubalig yang tegas serta peraih penghargaan sebagai Duta Perdamaian Dunia (The International Peacekeeper Ambassador) (Salik & Mas'ud, 2020).…”

Patterns Of Character Education In Islamic Boarding Schools In Anticipating Radicalism In The Industrial Revolution Era 4.0

“…The view that Islamic boarding school education is a religious education institution that has long practiced character education in its education system can be proven through its education system that applies an integral educational concept, an education system that does not only focus on learning that requires students to understand and master the material (Aly, 2019;Etikawati & Udjang, 2016;Salik & Mas'ud, 2020). Teaching materials in Islamic boarding schools, but also how students can apply the knowledge obtained through the learning process in their daily lives (Departemen agama RI, 2016).…”

“…The relationship between students and teachers is a relationship of obedience, as well as the relationship between students and kiai as leaders or caretakers of the pesantren (Asmuki & Aluf, 2018). In Sulasman (Salik & Mas'ud, 2020) negative views regarding Islamic boarding schools are also found in several other writings. For example, as Timothy Mapes wrote under the title Indonesian School has Chilling Rorter of Terrorist Alumni in the Wall Street Journal, 3 September 2003, Jane Parlez in her article entitled Saudis Quietly Promote Strict Islam in Indonesia, published in the New York Times, 5 July 2003, Andrew Marshal in his article entitled The Threat of Ja`far was published in the New York Times, March 10, 2002.…”

“…There are also ordinary people who think that Islamic boarding schools are like washing machines that can turn stubborn children into a good child is like a dirty shirt that becomes clean and smells good. However, at the beginning of the 21st century, there was a change in people's mindset towards pesantren (Baharun, 2006;Etikawati & Udjang, 2016;Nurbaiti, 2019;Salik & Mas'ud, 2020). Islamic boarding schools focus more on thoughts, ideologies and social groups as well as very massive movements, which seem to reverse the impression of pesantren which have a refined character, are accommodating and adaptive to local culture and even some people or certain elements associate the existence of Islamic boarding schools.…”