Perspectives in Engineered Mesenchymal Stem/Stromal Cells Based Anti- Cancer Drug Delivery Systems

Abstract

Understanding and apprehension of the characteristics and circumstances in which mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) affect and make alterations (enhance or reduce) to the growth of tumors and metastasis spread is pivotal, not only for reaching the possibility to employ MSCs as drug delivery systems, but also for making forward movement in the existing knowledge of involvement of major factors (tumor microenvironment, soluble signaling molecules, etc.) in the process of carcinogenesis. This capability is reliable because MSCs present a great basis for engineering and constructions of new systems to target cancers, intended to secrete therapeutic proteins in the tumor region, or for delivering of oncolytic viruses' directly at the tumor site (targeted chemotherapy with enzyme prodrug conversion or induction of tumor cell apoptosis). MSCs as a crucial segment of the tumor surroundings and their confirmed tumor tropism, are assumed to be an open gateway for the design of promising drug delivery systems. The presented paper reviews current publications in this fieldwork, searches out the most recent patents that were published after 2012 (WO2014066122, US20140017787, WO2015100268, US20150086515), and tries to present the current progress and future prospective on the design and development in anti-cancer drug delivery systems based on MSCs.

Highly Crystalline WO3 Nanoparticles Are Nontoxic to Stem Cells and Cancer Cells

“…Two types of cells were used in the experiments: dental pulp stem (DPS) cells and the breast cancer cell line MCF-7. It should be noted that recent studies have shown a great deal of interest in stem cells for the delivery of antitumour drugs [105][106][107][108]. DPS cells were isolated from the third molar germ extracted for orthodontic indications from a healthy, 16-year-old patient.…”

Knockout of NOS2 Promotes Adipogenic Differentiation of Rat MSCs by Enhancing Activation of JAK/STAT3 Signaling

“…In addition to their roles in immunoregulation, MSCs are fibroblast-like multipotent cells that have the ability to differentiate into osteoblasts, adipocytes, chondrocytes, and thus a powerful tools for tissue engineering, regenerative medicine and also drug delivery (Pittenger et al, 1999;Gjorgieva et al, 2013;Ackova et al, 2016;Chen et al, 2016). As osteoblast differentiation was not altered in our NOS2 −/− rat BMSCs, we considered that NOS2 may not play an essential role in rat MSC osteogenic differentiation.…”

3D Printing Breast Tissue Models: A Review of Past Work and Directions for Future Work

“…Thus, the true risk of using ASCs in breast cancer reconstruction is still debatable [15,20]. Nevertheless, there is research being done to mitigate this potential risk by testing ASCs as anti-cancer drug delivery systems [21]. One such study by Scioli et al showed that ASCs can uptake and release the chemotherapeutic agent Paclitaxel (PTX) to suppress CG5 breast cancer cell proliferation and survival both in vitro and in vivo in mice, suggesting that ASCs may have therapeutic potential in suppressing breast cancer recurrence [22].…”