Personality disorders in DSM classifications

Abstract

In the article an overview of history of personality disorders’ diagnostic criteria has been presented since the publication of The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) in 1952 up to the fifth edition published in 2013. Describing the beginnings of the classification in psychology, theses of a German philosopher and psychologist William Stern (1871-1938), the founder of psychology of individual differences have been examined, as he defined ‘type’ as a dominating psychological or psychophysiological predisposition. Changes in typologies in subsequent editions of DSM were aimed at increased accuracy of description of differentiated personality disorders’ types. The goal of such descriptions was to increase the accuracy of clinical diagnosis of individuals displaying in various domains of life repeated perceptional and behavioral patterns. Since the first edition of DSM the categorical perspective has been emphasized, which in the present edition has been replaced by the dimensional – categorical model, defined as a hybrid one. This change has already led to various controversies and discussions, and therefore requires further research.

The “Lost” Personality Disorders and Their Relationships to the Alternative Model of Personality Disorders Among Older Adults

“…Historically, the diagnostic category of personality disorders (PD) has been rife with revisions, reformulations, and changes to the classification system over the various versions of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders ( DSM ), making classification of PDs an ongoing challenge (Cierpialkowska, 2013; Coolidge & Segal, 1998). An example of a notable revision is exemplified in the four “Lost PDs” that were included in earlier editions of the DSM before being eventually removed in DSM-5 (American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013): Depressive, Passive-Aggressive, Sadistic, and Self-Defeating PDs.…”

Kişilik Bozukluklarında ICD-11 ve DSM-5 Alternatif Modelin Karşılaştırmalı İncelenmesi

“…In the DSM-III version, personality disorders are discussed in the categorical model. In this model, diagnostic criteria were established for each personality disorder (Cierpiałkowska 2013). Diagnostic criteria have been interpreted as enabling clinicians and researchers to use a common language and providing a facilitating factor in diagnosis and treatment (Widiger 1993).…”

French version of the Inventory of Personality Organization (IPO-fr): psychometric properties in young adults

“…Longstanding issues include a lack of diagnostic reliability (mainly owing to overlapping criteria for the different disorders and the clinically meaningless comorbidity of resulting diagnoses) and an inability to provide information about disease severity ( Westen & Arkowitz-Westen, 1998 ). Over the years, numerous empirical studies ( Krueger & Eaton, 2010 ) have supported this criticism of the categorical model, resulting in a gradual shift toward a more dimensional approach to personality disorders ( Cierpiałkowska, 2013 ). As Stern et al (2018) point out, this dimensional approach has, to varying degrees, found expression in the Alternative Model for Personality Disorders in the DSM-5 (APA, 2013), the Psychodynamic Diagnostic Manual-2 ( Lingiardi & McWilliams, 2017 ), and the International Classification of Diseases, 11th ed.…”