Personal diet–microbiota interactions and weight loss

Roager, Henrik Munch; Christensen, Lars

doi:10.1017/s0029665122000805

Cited by 8 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 146 publications

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“…We found a consistent long-term increase in the genus Prevotella in the gut after exposure to older siblings beginning from 1 year and lasting to age 6 years. Prevotella is associated with carbohydrate-based diets and fermentation of dietary fibers to short-chain fatty acids [40]. Even at 4 years of age, having older siblings was continuously associated with increased alpha diversity in the gut (beginning at 1 month of age), though increased stratification at 4 and 6 years due to the arrival of younger siblings resulted in a steady loss of statistical power.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The developing airway and gut microbiota in early life is influenced by age of older siblings

Christensen,

Hjelmsø,

Thorsen

et al. 2022

Microbiome

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Background Growing up with siblings has been linked to numerous health outcomes and is also an important determinant for the developing microbiota. Nonetheless, research into the role of having siblings on the developing microbiota has mainly been incidental. Results Here, we investigate the specific effects of having siblings on the developing airway and gut microbiota using a total of 4497 hypopharyngeal and fecal samples taken from 686 children in the COPSAC2010 cohort, starting at 1 week of age and continuing until 6 years of age. Sibship was evaluated longitudinally and used for stratification. Microbiota composition was assessed using 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing of the variable V4 region. We found siblings in the home to be one of the most important determinants of the developing microbiota in both the airway and gut, with significant differences in alpha diversity, beta diversity, and relative abundances of the most abundant taxa, with the specific associations being particularly apparent during the first year of life. The age gap to the closest older sibling was more important than the number of older siblings. The signature of having siblings in the gut microbiota at 1 year was associated with protection against asthma at 6 years of age, while no associations were found for allergy. Conclusions Having siblings is one of the most important factors influencing a child’s developing microbiota, and the specific effects may explain previously established associations between siblings and asthma and infectious diseases. As such, siblings should be considered in all studies involving the developing microbiota, with emphasis on the age gap to the closest older sibling rather than the number of siblings.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The developing airway and gut microbiota in early life is influenced by age of older siblings

Christensen,

Hjelmsø,

Thorsen

et al. 2022

Microbiome

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“…The role of dietary fiber in relation to the vitamin D-GRS and BMI is not clear; however, both fiber and vitamin D are involved in the health and regulation of the gut microbiome [64]. Dietary fiber is known to have helpful effects on weight management due to their bulking effect and fermentation by the gut microbiota [65,66]. Prebiotics specifically, when consumed, induce changes in intestinal microbiota diversity and increase the release of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), such as butyrate, which has the capacity to regulate anti-inflammation processes [67,68].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Interactions between Vitamin D Genetic Risk and Dietary Factors on Metabolic Disease-Related Outcomes in Ghanaian Adults

et al. 2022

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The Ghanaian population is experiencing an upsurge in obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) due to rapid urbanization. Besides dietary factors, vitamin D-related genetic determinants have also been shown to contribute to the development of obesity and T2D. Hence, we aimed to examine the interactions between dietary factors and vitamin D-related genetic variants on obesity and T2D related outcomes in a Ghanaian population. Three hundred and two healthy Ghanaian adults (25–60 years old) from Oforikrom, Municipality in Kumasi, Ghana were randomly recruited and had genetic tests, dietary consumption analysis, and anthropometric and biochemical measurements of glucose, HbA1c, insulin, cholesterol, and triglycerides taken. A significant interaction was identified between vitamin D-GRS and fiber intake (g/day) on BMI (pinteraction = 0.020) where those who were consuming low fiber (≤16.19 g/d) and carrying more than two risk alleles for vitamin D deficiency (p = 0.01) had a significantly higher BMI. In addition, an interaction between vitamin D-GRS and fat intake (g/day) on HbA1c (total fat, pinteraction = 0.029) was found, where participants who had a lower total fat intake (≤36.5 g/d), despite carrying more than two risk alleles, had significantly lower HbA1c (p = 0.049). In summary, our study has identified novel gene–diet interactions of vitamin D-GRS with dietary fiber and fat intakes on metabolic traits in Ghanaian adults.

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“…Gut microbiota plays a critical role in obesity [ 84 , 85 ]. Leakage of the gut barrier is commonly found during gut microbiota dysbiosis.…”

Section: Molecular Targets For Obesity Treatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Related Metabolic Diseases and Treatments of Obesity

2022

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Obesity is a chronic disease characterized by the abnormal or excessive accumulation of body fat, affecting more than 1 billion people worldwide. Obesity is commonly associated with other metabolic disorders, such as type 2 diabetes, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cardiovascular diseases, chronic kidney disease, and cancers. Factors such as a sedentary lifestyle, overnutrition, socioeconomic status, and other environmental and genetic conditions can cause obesity. Many molecules and signaling pathways are involved in the pathogenesis of obesity, such as nuclear factor (NF)-κB, Toll-like receptors (TLRs), adhesion molecules, G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), programmed cell death 1 (PD-1)/programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1), and sirtuin 1 (SIRT1). Commonly used strategies of obesity management and treatment include exercise and dietary change or restriction for the early stage of obesity, bariatric surgery for server obesity, and Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved medicines such as semaglutide and liraglutide that can be used as monotherapy or as a synergistic treatment. In addition, psychological management, especially for patients with obesity and distress, is a good option. Gut microbiota plays an important role in obesity and its comorbidities, and gut microbial reprogramming by fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT), probiotics, prebiotics, or synbiotics shows promising potential in obesity and metabolic syndrome. Many clinical trials are ongoing to evaluate the therapeutic effects of different treatments. Currently, prevention and early treatment of obesity are the best options to prevent its progression to many comorbidities.

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Personal diet–microbiota interactions and weight loss

Cited by 8 publications

References 146 publications

The developing airway and gut microbiota in early life is influenced by age of older siblings

The developing airway and gut microbiota in early life is influenced by age of older siblings

Interactions between Vitamin D Genetic Risk and Dietary Factors on Metabolic Disease-Related Outcomes in Ghanaian Adults

The Related Metabolic Diseases and Treatments of Obesity

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