Peroxide formation in jet fuels

Fodor, G.; Naegeli, D. W.; Kohl, K.B.

doi:10.1021/ef00012a002

Cited by 34 publications

(31 citation statements)

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“…In order to meet the requirements for Ultra-Low Sulfur Diesel (ULSD) fuels with 15 ppm S or less, the sulfur is removed by hydrotreating and other processes. Since some naturally occurring sulfur compounds will decompose hydroperoxides, there are concerns that as ULSD is introduced into the fleet, that these fuels may undergo greater rates of peroxide and/or soluble gum formation during long-term storage, similar to the process that occurs in aviation fuels [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8]. In addition, hydrotreatment can also remove other naturally occurring fuel constituents that can also function as antioxidants.…”

Section: Statement Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the early 1960's a significant amount of research effort has gone into developing test methods for predicting and measuring hydroperoxide concentrations and their effects on jet fuel stability [1][2][3][4][5]. The Navy designed a Low Pressure Reactor (LPR) test method to evaluate storage characteristics of jet fuels.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The test method effectively predicts long-term storage stability of jet fuels (24 hours predicts about 9 months of ambient) without altering the actual oxidation reaction mechanisms [1]. This and other test methods allowed researchers to study hydroperoxide formation and remediation in jet fuel [1][2][3][4][5]. These studies have led to a series of approved antioxidant formulations designed to control hydroperoxide formation in jet fuels [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Potential for Peroxide and Gum Formation in Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuels

Willauer¹,

Hardy²,

Morris³

et al. 2007

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Standard Form 298 (Rev. 8-98)Prescribed by ANSI Std. Z39.18Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS.

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Section: Statement Of the Problemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Potential for Peroxide and Gum Formation in Ultra-Low-Sulfur Diesel Fuels

Willauer¹,

Hardy²,

Morris³

et al. 2007

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“…10,11 For this reason, this paper highlights only the results of the validation studies, i.e., the similarity in the mechanism at 43 °C with that at higher temperatures and overpressures of air/oxygen ( Table 6). The criterion for validation, and the ensuing results are given below.…”

Section: B-l23 Hydroperoxide Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Development of a Test Method for the Determination of the Hydroperoxide Potential and Antioxidant Effectiveness in Jet Fuels During Long Term Storage

GA¹

1999

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Public renortinn burden for Ibis collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing the collection of information Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Washington HeadquartersA reliable test method is needed for predicting the long term storage stabilities of military aviation turbine fuel reserves as well as for evaluating the effectiveness of antioxidants approved for these fuels. This report addresses this need. It describes a reliable and practical accelerated test method for predicting the peroxidation potential of aviation turbine fuels that are stored for long term periods. A test methodology is also proposed for evaluating antioxidants for future qualification in the military specification, MIL-T-5624. This paper is based on the collective results of extensive rigorous studies performed by the four participating laboratories: Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), San Antonio, Texas; Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Washington, D.C.; Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), Trenton, New Jersey; and the National Institute of Petroleum and Energy Research (NIPER), Bartlesville, Oklahoma. SUBJECT TERMS FUELS, TEST METHODS, STORAGE OF FUELS DEVELOPMENT OF A TEST METHOD FOR THE DETERMINATION OF THE HYDROPEROXIDE POTENTIAL AND ANTIOXIDANT EFFECTIVENESS IN JET FUELS DURING LONG TERM STORAGE Part 1: Test Method Development Part 2: Test Methodology for the Qualification of Antioxidants A-l EXECUTIVE SUMMARYA reliable test method is needed for predicting the long term storage stabilities of military aviation tuibine fuel reserves as well as for evaluating the effectiveness of antioxidants approved for these fuels. This report addresses this need. It describes a reliable and practical accelerated test method for predicting the peroxidation potential of aviation turbine fuels that are stored for long term periods. A test methodology is also proposed for evaluating antioxidants for future qualification in the military specification, MIL-T-5624. This paper is based on the collective results of extensive rigorous studies performed by the four participating laboratories: Southwest Research Institute (SwRI), San Antonio, Texas; Naval Research Laboratory (NRL) Washington, D.C.; Naval Air Warfare Center (NAWC), Trenton, New Jersey; and the National Institute of Petroleum and Energy Research (NIPER), Bartlesville, Oklahoma.The proposed accelerated test method for predicting the long term storage stabilities of JP-5 fuels entails conducting the stress test in a Low Pressure Reactor (LPR) at 100°C stress temperature, and 50 psia (344.8 kPa) overpressure air for 24 hours with the option to extend to 48 hours if deemed necessary. The 100°C stress temperature has been validated to be predictive of long term storage at ambient conditions. The use of 50 psia ai...

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“…Hydroprocessing will remove naturally occurring antioxidants including oxygen, sulfur and nitrogen heteroatoms [4]. Unstabilised fuels will tend to react with oxygen to form hydroperoxides which will affect aircraft fuel system seals, diaphragms and materials made of neoprene, nitrile rubber and Buna-N [5][6][7][8][9]. Rates of formation and decomposition of peroxides are driven by storage temperatures, duration and the availability of oxygen [10,11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%