A cooperative CRC test program was conducted at Failure Analysis Associates Test Track in Phoenix, Arizona, from September 4 through October 4, 1985. The program investigated the hot-start driveability of thirteen 198'-model vehicles with eight hydrocarbon-alcohol blends ant~wo hydr rbon only gasolines at nominal ambient temperatures of 9MF and 70. The driveability procedure was modified to emphasize conditions which may cause fuel foaming. Carburetted, throttle-bodyinjected (TB!), port-fuel-injected (PFI), and port-fuel-injected turbocharged fuel systems were represented in the vehicle fleet. Ambient temperature effects were highly significant for carburetted and throttle-body-injected vehicle fuel-metering systems and for the total fleet. Carburetted vehicles were more sensitive to fuel properties and ambient conditions than fuel-injected vehicles. F1 vehicles consistently gave lower demerits than TBI vehicles. Lo-. volatility fuels gave significantly better hot-start driveability at-high temperatures than the high-volatility fuels. It should be noted, however, that tests of high-volatility fuels at high temperatures (nominal 90F) were not representative of conditions found with commercial fuels. The only significant difference due to oxygenate addition was the poorer performance of carburetted vehicles on lowvolatility-matched gasoline-ethanol and gasoline-methanol:TBA blends. Vehicle performance was generally poorer on oxygenated fuels than on hydrocarbon-only fuels.
A great amount of effort has been expended since the early 1960's for research and development on low-lubricity fuels, lubricity-enhancing S S additives, and test method development. The effort was initially directed at improving the lubricity characteristics of military JP-7 fuels, and then continued into the commercial engine area.
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