Perovskite Single Crystals: Synthesis, Optoelectronic Properties, and Application

Abstract

Recently, lead halide perovskite (PVSK) polycrystalline films have drawn much attention as photoactive material and scored tremendous achievements in solar cells, photodetectors, light‐emitting diodes, and lasers owing to their engrossing optoelectronic properties and facile solution‐processed fabrication. However, large amounts of grain boundaries unfavorably induce ion migration, surface defect, and poor stability, impeding PVSK polycrystalline film‐based optoelectronic devices from practical application. In comparison with the polycrystalline counterparts, PVSK single crystals (SCs) with lower trap density serve as a better platform for not only fundamental research but also device applications. In light of this, the idea of using PVSK single crystals (SCs) to construct the optoelectronic devices is then proposed. Since then, a series of synthesis methods of PVSK SCs have emerged. In this review, recent progress of synthesis method of PVSK SCs is tried to be summarized and their advantages and limitations are analyzed. And then, the optoelectronic properties including carrier dynamic, defects, ion migration, and instability issues in these 3D and 2D PVSK SCs are overviewed and accordingly the proper device configurations of corresponding solar cells, photodetectors, X‐ray, γ‐ray detectors, etc., are proposed. It is believed that this review can provide the guidance for the further development of PVSK SCs and their applications.

Chiral Hybrid Perovskite Single‐Crystal Nanowire Arrays for High‐Performance Circularly Polarized Light Detection

“…Over the past few years, thin‐film‐based CHPs photodetectors have enabled direct detection of light polarization states with enhanced responsivity; [ 18 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ] however, the capability of these devices to distinguish CPL is still limited due to the introduction of impurities and intrinsic defect states during the rapid crystallization process. [ 23 ] With low defect density and long carrier diffusion length stemming from the long‐range crystallographic order, [ 24 , 25 , 26 , 27 , 28 ] high‐crystallinity CHP as active component affords an opportunity to detect CPL with high polarization discrimination ratio. [ 29 , 30 ] Furthermore, arranging such CHP into an ordered array would not only enhance the photocurrent by enlarging the active area, but also bring excellent uniformity and reproducibility, which are of great importance for the practical photodetection technology.…”

High‐Performance X‐Ray Detector Based on Liquid Diffused Separation Induced Cs3Bi2I9 Single Crystal

“…[16] The organic-inorganic hybrid perovskites have not only shown outstanding performance in solar cells, [17] photodetectors, [18] light-emitting-diodes, [19] but also attracted extensive attentions for radiation detection attribute to their low-cost solution process and outstanding optoelectronic properties. [7,[20][21][22][23][24][25] A number of materials, such as CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 single crystal (SC), CH(NH 2 )PbBr 3 SC, sintered CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 wafer and integrated CH 3 NH 3 PbBr 3 SC-silicon unit, have been reported in direct X-ray detection with sensitivities of 80, 130, 2527, and 2.1 × 10 4 µC Gy air -1 cm -2 , respectively. [26][27][28][29] Recently, a ligand assisted growth of CH 3 NH 3 PbI 3 SC exhibits a dramatic sensitivity of 2.6 × 10 6 µC Gy air -1 cm -2 .…”

Monocrystalline Methylammonium Lead Halide Perovskite Materials for Photovoltaics

“…Although we chose to focus on MAPX SC, other types of perovskite highly promising for the solar industry were successfully grown as SC, and has been reviewed elsewhere (17,25,(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43). For example formamidinium lead halide perovskite FAPbX 3 and mixed cations perovskite FA (1≠x) MA x PbI 3 , as well as mixed halides perovskites and even FAPbBr 3≠x Cl x or FAPb 1≠x Sn x Br 3 , were succesfully grown by ITC (73)(74)(75)(76)(77)(78)(79).…”

“…Recent reviews in the literature comprehensively describe growth methods, properties and integration of MAPX SC in optoelectronic devices (17,25,(30)(31)(32)(33)(34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43). The originality of the present review is to take an holistic approach to (i) critically assess the potential of SC for solar cells; (ii) put in perspective growth methods, optoelectronic properties and device performance to give insights on why 5 years after the first report, SCsolar cells struggle to outperform PC-solar cells despite the outstanding material properties; (iii) regard the anisotropy in physico-chemical properties as a unique asset for perovskite SC to outperform PC.…”