Perovskite Piezoelectric-Based Flexible Energy Harvesters for Self-Powered Implantable and Wearable IoT Devices

Abstract

In the ongoing fourth industrial revolution, the internet of things (IoT) will play a crucial role in collecting and analyzing information related to human healthcare, public safety, environmental monitoring and home/industrial automation. Even though conventional batteries are widely used to operate IoT devices as a power source, these batteries have a drawback of limited capacity, which impedes broad commercialization of the IoT. In this regard, piezoelectric energy harvesting technology has attracted a great deal of attention because piezoelectric materials can convert electricity from mechanical and vibrational movements in the ambient environment. In particular, piezoelectric-based flexible energy harvesters can precisely harvest tiny mechanical movements of muscles and internal organs from the human body to produce electricity. These inherent properties of flexible piezoelectric harvesters make it possible to eliminate conventional batteries for lifetime extension of implantable and wearable IoTs. This paper describes the progress of piezoelectric perovskite material-based flexible energy harvesters for self-powered IoT devices for biomedical/wearable electronics over the last decade.

The 0-3 Lead Zirconate-Titanate (PZT)/Polyvinyl-Butyral (PVB) Composite for Tactile Sensing

“…In other words, even if the same piezocomposite is used, the characteristics of a device could be altered depending on the substrate’s material properties. Research on various devices, including sensors, actuators, transducers, and energy harvesters, are focusing on the development of piezoelectric material itself [ 40 , 41 ]. However, in order to obtain the desired device’s characteristics, an appropriate substrate should be considered as a component of the device.…”

A Brief Review on Flexible Electronics for IoT: Solutions for Sustainability and New Perspectives for Designers

“…The piezoelectric and triboelectric effects allow for mechanical energy harvesting, turning lost mechanical energy into valuable electrical energy [225]. Piezoelectric nanogenerators can convert the small vibrations of the environment, human body motions, etc., into useful electrical energy [226][227][228][229]; triboelectric nanogenerators provide higher output and are more cost effective [230][231][232][233]; but the combination of piezoelectric and triboelectric effects is a highly rated choice, in order to improve the output performance of a single nanogenerator, allowing the extraction of more electricity from a single device [234][235][236][237][238].…”

Dynamic Analysis and Piezoelectric Energy Harvesting from a Nonideal Portal Frame System including Nonlinear Energy Sink Effect

“…The life of the batteries is limited, and recharging or replacing them can be difficult in some cases due to the human effort and cost involved. In this context, energy harvesters are presented as an efficient and ecological solution to this challenge, as they capture and store energy for electronic devices [10][11][12]. There are several energy harvesting systems, such as piezoelectric, triboelectric, thermoelectric, pyroelectric, and photovoltaic systems and energy harvesting systems based on water evaporation [13].…”