Permanent flame retardant finishing of textile materials by a photochemical immobilization of vinyl phosphonic acid

Opwis, Klaus; Wego, Andreas; Bahners, Thomas; Schollmeyer, Eckhard

doi:10.1016/j.polymdegradstab.2010.02.022

Cited by 52 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…151 Phosphorylated monomers and cross-linking agents were polymerized on cotton surfaces under UV irradiation. Different mixtures were investigated such as tri(acryloyloxyethyl) phosphate (Figure 2.M11) and triglycidyl isocyanurate acrylate according to Xing et al 152 or vinyl phosphonic acid and 1,3,5-Triazine-2,4,6(1H,3H,5H)-trion,1,3,5-tri-2-propenyl according to Opwis et al 153 Graft polymerization of monomers by free radical polymerization is an effective and accessible method for introducing high amounts of phosphorus moieties in natural polysaccharides. Free radical polymerization widens considerably the choice of monomers, making possible the syntheses of graft polysaccharides with various physicochemical properties.…”

Section: Free Radical Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorylation of bio-based compounds: the state of the art

et al. 2015

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International audienceOver the last few years, more and more papers have been devoted to phosphorus-containing polymers, mainly due to their fire resistance, excellent chelating and metal-adhesion properties. Nevertheless, sustainability, reduction of environmental impacts and green chemistry are increasingly guiding the development of the next generation of materials. The use of bio-based polymer matrices might allow the reduction of environmental impacts by using renewable carbon and by achieving more easily biodegradable or reusable materials. The aim of this review is to present both fundamental and applied research on the phosphorylation of renewable resources, through reactions on naturally occurring functions, and their use in biobased polymer chemistry and applications. In the first section, different strategies for the introduction of phosphorus-containing functions on organic backbones are described. In the following sections, the main families of chemicals based on renewable resources are covered: namely polysaccharides (cellulose, chitosan, starch, dextran etc.), biophenols (lignins, biobased phenolic compounds, cardanol etc.), triglycerides (oils, glycerol) and hydroxy acid compounds

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Section: Free Radical Polymerizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phosphorylation of bio-based compounds: the state of the art

et al. 2015

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“…Furthermore, the new types of flame retardant chemicals, for example, those based on organic phosphonate derivatives, are good flame retardants that eliminate problems with smoke, toxicity and corrosion but are much more expensive. 13,[23][24][25][26][27] Therefore, their usage should be limited to the absolute minimum. It has been shown that, in plasma-activated fabrics, the concentration of flame retardant chemicals is reduced considerably without influencing the flame retardant properties of the treated material, which leads to considerable cost savings.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Application of low-frequency oxygen plasma treatment to polyester fabric to reduce the amount of flame retardant agent

Ömeroğulları

Kut

2012

Textile Research Journal

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To reduce the quantity of chemicals required to produce flame retardant polyester fabrics, a low-frequency oxygen plasma treatment at low temperature (<50 C) was carried out before padding the polyester fabrics with alkyl-phosphonatestructured flame retardant agents. The concentration of the flame retardant agent was varied to determine the plasma treatment effect on the amount of chemicals used in the finishing process. All padded fabrics which had pre-plasma treatment or not, were also washed five times to determine the washing resistance. The surfaces of the polyester fabrics were characterized by FT-IR (ATR) and SEM. The flame retardant performances of the polyester fabrics were evaluated by the LOI test. Hydrophilic characteristics of the polyester fabrics were also tested after the plasma treatment. According to the results, the hydrophilic properties of the polyester fabrics improved after oxygen plasma treatment. Moreover, the plasma treatment allowed the reduction of the flame retardant concentration to 50 g/L in the padding system, however, it was out of the optimal concentration range; the chemical amount consumed was half of the maximum concentration without the LOI changing significantly.

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“…The initial degradation temperature (the weight loss is 5 wt%) of samples, the mid-point temperature of the degradation (T -50 % ) and the solid residue left at 500 and 700°C can be obtained from TGA curves. For the TGA curves under air atmosphere, it is shown that the pyrolysis of the pristine cotton fabric includes three regions: The first region (80-120°C) is corresponding to the release of physically absorbed water; The second region (260-440°C) is attributed to the dehydration and decarboxylation reactions which produce combustible gasses like aldehydes, ketones, ethers, etc; The last region (440-700°C) is attributed to the further decomposition of residual char formed in the second region (Gaan et al 2009;Opwis et al 2011;Wang et al 2007). The char residue of pristine cotton fabric is about 2 % under air atmosphere.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Construction of layer-by-layer assembled chitosan/titanate nanotubes based nanocoating on cotton fabrics: flame retardant performance and combustion behavior

et al. 2015

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A flame retardant nanocoating made from chitosan and titanate nanotubes was deposited on the surface of cotton fabric by the layer by layer assembly to improve its flame retardancy. Firstly, the hydrothermal method was used to prepare titanate nanotubes. Then, coated cotton fabrics were prepared by alternately submersing cotton fabrics into chitosan solution and titanate nanotube suspension. The structure of nanocoating on cotton fabric surface was tailored by altering number of bilayers and the concentration of titanate nanotube suspension. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that titanate nanotube filled nanocoating was successfully deposited on the surface of cotton fabric. Furthermore, the titanate nanotubes assembled a randomly oriented and entangled network structure, as can be observed by scanning electron microscopy. The thermogravimetric analysis result indicated that the thermal and thermal-oxidation stability of all coated cotton fabrics were both improved in the high temperature range from 330 to 700°C. The microscale combustion calorimeter result showed that all coated cotton fabrics have the reduction in peak heat release rate and total heat release compared with that of pristine cotton fabric. Moreover, the reduction was dependent on the concentration of titanate nanotube suspension and number of bilayers. The improved flame retardancy can be ascribed to the protective effect of the titanate nanotube network structure formed, which acts as a physical barrier to retard the heat, oxygen and mass transfers between the flame and underlying material.

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Permanent flame retardant finishing of textile materials by a photochemical immobilization of vinyl phosphonic acid

Cited by 52 publications

References 5 publications

Phosphorylation of bio-based compounds: the state of the art

Phosphorylation of bio-based compounds: the state of the art

Application of low-frequency oxygen plasma treatment to polyester fabric to reduce the amount of flame retardant agent

Construction of layer-by-layer assembled chitosan/titanate nanotubes based nanocoating on cotton fabrics: flame retardant performance and combustion behavior

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