Construction of layer-by-layer assembled chitosan/titanate nanotubes based nanocoating on cotton fabrics: flame retardant performance and combustion behavior

Abstract

A flame retardant nanocoating made from chitosan and titanate nanotubes was deposited on the surface of cotton fabric by the layer by layer assembly to improve its flame retardancy. Firstly, the hydrothermal method was used to prepare titanate nanotubes. Then, coated cotton fabrics were prepared by alternately submersing cotton fabrics into chitosan solution and titanate nanotube suspension. The structure of nanocoating on cotton fabric surface was tailored by altering number of bilayers and the concentration of titanate nanotube suspension. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy confirmed that titanate nanotube filled nanocoating was successfully deposited on the surface of cotton fabric. Furthermore, the titanate nanotubes assembled a randomly oriented and entangled network structure, as can be observed by scanning electron microscopy. The thermogravimetric analysis result indicated that the thermal and thermal-oxidation stability of all coated cotton fabrics were both improved in the high temperature range from 330 to 700°C. The microscale combustion calorimeter result showed that all coated cotton fabrics have the reduction in peak heat release rate and total heat release compared with that of pristine cotton fabric. Moreover, the reduction was dependent on the concentration of titanate nanotube suspension and number of bilayers. The improved flame retardancy can be ascribed to the protective effect of the titanate nanotube network structure formed, which acts as a physical barrier to retard the heat, oxygen and mass transfers between the flame and underlying material.

Facile preparation of attapulgite‐based aerogels with excellent flame retardancy and better thermal insulation properties

“…In this study, the inclusion of melamine in the ACPM‐1 can effectively improve the flame retardancy by producing N 2 to reduce the concentration of oxygen and stop burning. At the end of the test, the relatively high char residual mass of ACPM‐1 suggests that the enhancement of char yield can also protect the underlying materials from further degradation . These results indicate that a synergistic flame‐retardant effect was formed between the gas phase and condensed phase on combustion.…”

The Chitosan Based Flame Retardants: A Mini Review Techniques

“…Then he found the LOI increased to 30.0%, residual carbon increased to 18.58%, UL-94 reached V-0 and melt dripping disappeared [37]. In addition, nano-silica, nanotitanium dioxide and nano-zinc oxide have also been applied to chitosan composite flame retardant, and achieved a certain degree of flame retardant effect [38][39][40][41]. In the chitosan/inorganic nanoparticle flame retardant, the inorganic nanoparticle mainly serves as a heat-insulating material protecting matrix, so that the chitosan is not dehydrated in the early stage of the combustion process, water vapor is generated and the coke layer is formed, thereby insulating the air and achieving the goal of flame retardants.…”

Fire retardant and thermal degradation properties of cotton fabrics based on APTES and sodium phytate through layer-by-layer assembly

“…Therefore, increasing attention and research from industry and academia have been focused on the flame retardant improvement of cotton fabrics [6]. To provide fire retardant properties for cotton fabrics, lots of technologies have been utilized: sol-gel technique [7][8][9][10][11], layerby-layer assembly [12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20], flame retardant finishing treatment [21,22], plasma treatments [23][24][25], and surface grafting treatment [26], et al And several flame retardants containing phosphorusnitrogen [27,28], phosphorus-silicon [29] and silicon-nitrogen [3] have been synthesized and applied to improve fire retardancy of cotton fabrics.…”

“…retardancy for cotton fabrics [7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20]. Sol-gel process, on the basis of chemical reactions of hydrolysis and condensation, was an effective method for surface and modification for textiles and resulted in the production of inorganic or organic-inorganic hybrid layer to prevent cotton fabrics from heat/mass transfer [30,31].…”