Peripheral metabolism of glucose and free fatty acids during oral glucose tolerance tests

Butterfield, W. J. H.; Hanley, T.; Whichelow, Margaret J.

doi:10.1016/0026-0495(65)90122-8

Cited by 61 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…The glucose uptake and metabolization in the present in vitro system can be calculated to 5.0 mmol per kilogram muscle tissue and hour [24]. This uptake rate was close to that reported for the isolated forearm preparation, 88.3 [xmol/kilogram muscle tissue and minute [10], This similarity indicates that the in vitro uptake and metabolization rate of glucose reflects the in vivo fluxes fairly good.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Incorporation Rate of Glucose Carbon, Palmitate Carbon and Leucine Carbon into Metabolites in Relation to Enzyme Activities and RNA Levels in Human Skeletal Muscles

Bylund¹,

Holm²,

Lundholm³

et al. 1976

Enzyme

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The activities (Vmax) of hexokinase, glycogen phosphorylase, glucose-6- phosphate dehydrogenase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, citrate synthase, cytochrome c oxidase, and 3-OH-acyl-CoA dehydrogenase in human skeletal muscles were compared with the in vitro utilization of glucose and palmitic acid assessed under optimal conditions. Statistically significant correlations between substrate fluxes and enzyme activities were found suggesting that the substrate incorporation rate in vitro in some way reflects the capacity of metabolic pathways. The incorporation rate of leucine into muscle proteins was also statistically significantly correlated to the RNA concentration in the muscle tissue. Glycolytic and glycogenolytic enzymes correlated significantly to each other and correlations were also found between aerobic enzymes supporting the validity of constant proportions between certain key enzymes in human skeletal muscles.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 61%

Incorporation Rate of Glucose Carbon, Palmitate Carbon and Leucine Carbon into Metabolites in Relation to Enzyme Activities and RNA Levels in Human Skeletal Muscles

Bylund¹,

Holm²,

Lundholm³

et al. 1976

Enzyme

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“…During an oral glucose load, glucose uptake by skeletal muscle increases by 5-10-fold, which suggests that this tissue plays an important role in glucose disposal in vivo (11,12). That skeletal muscle may contribute to the insulin resistance and diminished glucose tolerance that is associated with obesity is suggested by forearm perfusion studies that demonstrate decreased insulin-stimulated glucose uptake by the deep tissues of the obese forearm (13,14).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Relationship between skeletal muscle insulin resistance, insulin-mediated glucose disposal, and insulin binding. Effects of obesity and body fat topography.

Evans¹,

MURRAY²,

Kissebah³

1984

J. Clin. Invest.

202

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Abstract. Skeletal muscle sensitivity and responsiveness to insulin and their relationship to overall glucose disposal and insulin binding were determined in 89 premenopausal women of varying body fat topography (waist/hips girth ratio [WHR] 0.64-1.02) and obesity level (percentage of ideal body weight 92-230). As a marker of insulin action, the percentage of total glycogen synthase present in the I form (glucose-6-phosphate independent) was measured in quadriceps muscle biopsies. The increase in percentage of synthase I 1 h after oral glucose loading was not significantly different between nonobese and obese weight-matched subgroups of increasing WHR, but this response was maintained at the expense of increasing plasma insulin levels as the WHR rose. The increase in percentage of synthase I in response to submaximal steady state plasma insulin (SSPI) of -I100 gU/ml achieved by the infusion of somatostatin, insulin, and glucose, however, was significantly lower in obese than in nonobese subjects, and was inversely correlated with WHR. The increase in percentage of synthase I correlated inversely with the steady state plasma glucose (SSPG) concentration, which is an index of the efficiency of overall glucose disposal, and directly with insulin binding to circulating monocytes. Insulin binding also correlated inversely with WHR and with fasting plasma insulin levels. When obese subjects were separated into three weight-matched subgroups on the basis of increasing WHR, significant

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“…12 Lean subjects have a much greater glucose uptake than obese subjects, so that in lean subjects the arteriovenous difference will be greater and the venous level lower than for the same systemic level in obese subjects.…”

Section: Blood Sourcementioning

confidence: 98%

Critical Analysis of Blood Sugar Measurements in Diabetes Detection and Diagnosis

et al. 1967

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An analysis of 702 blood sugar levels during glucose tolerance tests shows that the site of blood sampling influences the blood sugar result. Capillary blood taken from the warm ear lobe gives an accurate reflection of the arterial blood sugar level. Compared to the arterial level the venous blood sugar level is unpredictable and differs from the arterial to a varying extent, e.g., from +26 mg. per 100 ml. to -4 mg. per 100 ml. at two hours in the glucose tolerance test depending on many factors.Studies of the macromethod in the AutoAnalyzer indicate that although the reproducibility is good, the volume of blood pumped by the proportioning pump is inaccurate (too small). Analysis of the micromethod shows that the reproducibility is also good, though not quite so good as the macromethod. However, the sample volume taken for analysis by the proportioning pump is accurate.Reasons are given for recommending that capillary, not venous, blood be taken, and that the ferricyanide-reducing micromethod on the AutoAnalyzer be used for blood glucose estimation. DIABETES 16: 219-26, April, 1967. This paper is concerned with the accuracy of blood sugar estimations and the variations between the arterial, capillary and venous blood sugar levels in various types of subjects. DEFINITIONS Subjects Nondiabetics: Arterial blood sugar less than 140 mg. per 100 mL two hours after 50 gm. glucose by mouth.Borderline diabetics: Arterial blood sugar 140 to 200 mg. per 100 ml. two hours after 50 gm. glucose.Diabetics: Arterial blood sugar greater than 200 mg. per 100 mL two hours after 50 gm. glucose. Measurement of obesitySkinfold thickness measured (in ' triplicate) with skinfold calipers in the midtriceps region for women,

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Peripheral metabolism of glucose and free fatty acids during oral glucose tolerance tests

Cited by 61 publications

References 24 publications

Incorporation Rate of Glucose Carbon, Palmitate Carbon and Leucine Carbon into Metabolites in Relation to Enzyme Activities and RNA Levels in Human Skeletal Muscles

Incorporation Rate of Glucose Carbon, Palmitate Carbon and Leucine Carbon into Metabolites in Relation to Enzyme Activities and RNA Levels in Human Skeletal Muscles

Relationship between skeletal muscle insulin resistance, insulin-mediated glucose disposal, and insulin binding. Effects of obesity and body fat topography.

Critical Analysis of Blood Sugar Measurements in Diabetes Detection and Diagnosis

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