Periodontal Regeneration by Application of Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein‐2 to Horizontal Circumferential Defects Created by Experimental Periodontitis in Beagle Dogs

Abstract

The purpose of this study was to examine the regeneration of periodontal tissue after the application of recombinant human bone morphogenetic protein-2 (rhBMP-2) to horizontal circumferential defects created by experimental periodontitis. Twelve mandibular second premolars in 6 adult beagle dogs were subjected to experimental periodontal breakdown by placing silk ligatures around the teeth until the bone loss exceeded half of the root length. Flap surgery was then performed and the exposed cementum removed. The distance between the bone crest and cemento-enamel junction (CEJ) was about 5 mm. RhBMP-2 (40 micrograms/100 microliters) with a sponge-type carrier material made of gelatin and polylactic acid polyglycolic acid copolymer was placed in the furcation area (5 mm x 5 mm x 5 mm) and around the roots (10 mm x 5 mm x 2.5 mm x 2 pieces). In the control group, the same carrier material without rhBMP-2 was placed in the same manner. The flaps were replaced and sutured to cover these materials completely. Twelve weeks after surgery, the animals were sacrificed and serial sections were prepared in a bucco-lingual plane. Considerable new bone formation was observed in the rhBMP-2-treated sites. New cementum with Sharpey's fibers was observed on the instrumented root surface. On histometric analysis, the amount of new bone, new cementum, and connective tissue attachment was significantly greater in the rhBMP-2-treated group (paired t test; P < 0.01). These results indicate that suitable application of rhBMP-2 can produce considerable periodontal tissue regeneration, even in cases of horizontal circumferential defects.

Epithelial Cell Rests of Malassez Modulate Cell Proliferation, Differentiation and Apoptosis via Gap Junctional Communication under Mechanical Stretching in vitro

“…BMP2 and BMP4 are the most thoroughly investigated members of the TGF-␤ superfamily for tooth and periodontal development and regeneration 20,21) . Although BMPs are expressed in the ERM 30) , the expres- sion of BMPs following mechanical stretching was unknown.…”

Repair of Ulnar Segmental Defect by Recombinant Human Bone Morphogenetic Protein-2 in Dogs.

“…However, IBM may possibly contain some unknown factors and xenogeneic IBM restricts the clinical application of rhBMP [5,7]. Poly D, L lactic-co-glycolic acid (PLGA)/gelatin sponge complex (PGS) was developed as a new carrier of rhBMP-2 and this combination induced periodontal regeneration in dogs [8].…”

Periodontal regeneration using ex vivo autologous stem cells engineered to express the BMP-2 gene: an alternative to alveolaplasty

“…36 It has been suggested that slower release of BMP-2 and more prolonged exposure could increase cementogenesis. [37][38][39] Accordingly, enhanced cementogenesis might be achieved through the slower BMP-2 release accomplished with ex vivo gene transfer.…”

“…It has been proposed that connective tissue formation processes are the primary mechanisms for inhibition of epithelial downgrowth. 37 Despite the notable induction of mesenchymal cell differentiation by BMP-2, it has also been suggested that the transforming growth factor-b superfamily, of which BMP-2 is a member, can inhibit epithelial downgrowth. 39 Our histological assessment of the advBMP-2 group supports the idea that BMP-2 inhibits epithelial down- growth.…”