Periodically Triggered Seismicity at Mount Wrangell, Alaska, After the Sumatra Earthquake

West, M. E.; Sánchez, John J.; McNutt, Stephen R.

doi:10.1126/science.1112462

Cited by 168 publications

(118 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…S6c), near the Klutlan Glacier terminus, where there is also a historical record of shallow (< 10 km depth) seismicity and regional events flagged as glacial events by Alaska Earthquake Center analysts (West, 2014). Because of the poor data quality, it is difficult to distinguish whether the sources are icequakes similar to those observed in Antarctica triggered by the M w 8.8 Chile earthquake (Peng et al, 2014) or shallow earthquakes like those triggered near active volcanoes or geothermal regions (Prejean et al, 2004;West et al, 2005). Deducing which type of events actually occurred-icequakes or shallow earthquakes-would require more stations in the region.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triggered Seismic Events along the Eastern Denali Fault in Northwest Canada Following the 2012 Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii, 2013 Mw 7.5 Craig, and Two Mw>8.5 Teleseismic Earthquakes

Aiken¹,

Zimmerman²,

Peng³

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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We conduct a systematic search for remotely triggered seismic activity along the eastern Denali fault (EDF) in northwest Canada, an intraplate strike-slip region. We examine 19 distant earthquakes recorded by nine broadband stations in the Canadian National Seismograph Network and find that the 2012 M w 7.8 Haida Gwaii and 2013 M w 7.5 Craig, Alaska, earthquakes triggered long duration (> 10 s), emergent tremor-like signals near the southeastern portion of the EDF. In both cases, tremor coincides with the peak transverse velocities, consistent with Love-wave triggering on right-lateral strike-slip faults. The 2011 M w 9.0 Tohoku-Oki and 2012 M w 8.6 Indian Ocean earthquakes possibly triggered tremor signals, although we were unable to locate those sources. In addition, we also identify many short-duration (< 5 s) bursts that were repeatedly triggered by the Rayleigh waves of the 2012 M w 7.8 Haida Gwaii earthquake. Although we were unable to precisely locate the short-duration (< 5 s) events, they appear to be radiating from the direction of the Klutlan Glacier and from a belt of shallow historical seismicity at the eastern flank of the Wrangell-St. Elias mountain range. The fact that these events were triggered solely by the Rayleigh waves suggests a different source mechanism as compared with triggered tremor observed along the EDF and other plate boundary regions.Online Material: Description of Rayleigh-wave polarization detection; figures of spectograms, S-wave amplitudes, polarization analysis, and static stress changes; tables of earthquake catalogs and velocity model; and animations of tremors and bursts.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Triggered Seismic Events along the Eastern Denali Fault in Northwest Canada Following the 2012 Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii, 2013 Mw 7.5 Craig, and Two Mw>8.5 Teleseismic Earthquakes

Aiken¹,

Zimmerman²,

Peng³

et al. 2015

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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“…Regardless of a clear hydrologic connection, triggered earthquakes by large (M > 9) earthquakes may be global (e.g., West et al 2005;Velasco et al 2008). Anti-triggering, that is suppression of small earthquakes, may also occur (Okubo & Wolfe 2008).…”

Section: The Seismic Energy Density: a General Metricmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrologic Responses to Earthquakes and a General Metric

Wang¹,

Manga²

2010

Frontiers in Geofluids

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Hydrologic responses to earthquakes, including liquefaction, changes in stream and spring discharge, changes in the properties of groundwater such as geochemistry, temperature and turbidity, changes in the water level in wells, and the eruption of mud volcanoes, have been documented for thousands of years. Except for some water-level changes in the near field which can be explained by poroelastic responses to static stress changes, most hydrologic responses, both within and beyond the near field, can only be explained by the dynamic responses associated with seismic waves. For these responses, the seismic energy density e may be used as a general metric to relate and compare the various hydrologic responses. We show that liquefaction, eruption of mud volcanoes and increases in streamflow are bounded by e $ 10 )1 J m )3 ; temperature changes in hot springs are bounded by e $ 10 )2 J m )3 ; most sustained groundwater changes are bounded by e $ 10 )3 J m )3 ; geysers and triggered seismicity may respond to seismic energy density as small as 10 )3 and 10 )4 J m )3 , respectively. Comparing the threshold energy densities with published laboratory measurements, we show that undrained consolidation induced by dynamic stresses can explain liquefaction only in the near field, but not beyond the near field. We propose that in the intermediate field and far field, most responses are triggered by changes in permeability that in turn are a response to the cyclic deformation and oscillatory fluid flow. Published laboratory measurements confirm that changes in flow and time-varying stresses can change permeability, inducing both increases and decreases. Field measurements in wells also indicate that permeability can be changed by earthquakes in the intermediate field and far field. Further work, in particular field monitoring and measurements, are needed to assess the generality of permeability changes in explaining far-field hydrologic responses to earthquakes.

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“…Previously, it has been observed that some small earthquakes or tremors were triggered by the surface waves of a distant earthquake, particularly around volcanic or geothermal areas (Hill et al 1993;Gomberg 1996;Gomberg et al 2001Gomberg et al , 2004Hough and Kanamori 2002;Husen et al 2004;Prejean 2004;West 2005;Hill and Prejean 2007;Peng and Chao 2008;Peng et al 2011;Wu et al 2011). The peak dynamic stresses carried by large surface waves greater than ~0.1 bar (~0.01 MPa) are capable of triggering micro-earthquakes or tremors at remote distances as far as 10000 km (Hill and Prejean 2007).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Triggering of the Mw 6.9 Hokkaido Earthquake as a Result of the Mw 6.6 Indonesian Earthquake on September 11, 2008

Lin¹

2012

Terr. Atmos. Ocean. Sci.

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Only just recently, the phenomenon of earthquakes being triggered by a distant earthquake has been well established. Yet, most of the triggered earthquakes have been limited to small earthquakes (M < 3). Also, the exact triggering mechanism for earthquakes is still not clear. Here I show how one strong earthquake (M w = 6.6) is capable of triggering another (M w = 6.9) at a remote distance (~4750 km). On September 11, 2008, two strong earthquakes with magnitudes (M w ) of 6.6 and 6.9 hit respectively in Indonesia and Japan within a short interval of ~21 minutes time. Careful examination of broadband seismograms recorded in Japan shows that the Hokkaido earthquake occurred just as the surface waves generated by the Indonesia earthquake arrived. Although the peak dynamic stress estimated at the focus of the Hokkaido earthquake was just reaching the lower bound for the capability of triggering earthquakes in general, a more plausible mechanism for triggering an earthquake might be attributed to the change of a fault property by fluid infiltration. These observations suggest that the Hokkaido earthquake was likely triggered from a remote distance by the surface waves generated from the Indonesia earthquake. If some more cases can be observed, a temporal warning of possible interaction between strong earthquakes might be concerned in the future.

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Periodically Triggered Seismicity at Mount Wrangell, Alaska, After the Sumatra Earthquake

Cited by 168 publications

References 13 publications

Triggered Seismic Events along the Eastern Denali Fault in Northwest Canada Following the 2012 Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii, 2013 Mw 7.5 Craig, and Two Mw>8.5 Teleseismic Earthquakes

Triggered Seismic Events along the Eastern Denali Fault in Northwest Canada Following the 2012 Mw 7.8 Haida Gwaii, 2013 Mw 7.5 Craig, and Two Mw>8.5 Teleseismic Earthquakes

Hydrologic Responses to Earthquakes and a General Metric

Remote Triggering of the Mw 6.9 Hokkaido Earthquake as a Result of the Mw 6.6 Indonesian Earthquake on September 11, 2008

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